Warren M. Grill
Biomedical Engineering
Edmund T. Pratt, Jr. School Distinguished Professor of Biomedical Engineering
Research Themes
Bioelectric Engineering, Computational Modeling of Biological Systems, Neural Engineering
Research Interests
Neural engineering and neural prostheses and include design and testing of electrodes and stimulation techniques, the electrical properties of tissues and cells, and computational neuroscience with applications in restoration of bladder function, treatment of movement disorders with deep brain stimulation, and treatment of chronic pain.
Bio
Our research employs engineering approaches to understand and control neural function. We work on fundamental questions and applied development in electrical stimulation of the nervous system to restore function to individuals with neurological impairment or injury.
Current projects include:
• understanding the mechanisms of and developing advanced approaches to deep brain stimulation to treat movement disorders,
• developing novel approaches to peripheral nerve electrical stimulation for restoration of bladder function,
• understanding the mechanisms of and developing advanced approaches to spinal cord stimulation to treat chronic pain,
• understanding and controlling the cellular effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation, and
• design of novel electrodes and waveforms for selective stimulation of the nervous system.
Education
- B.S. Boston University, 1989
- M.S. Case Western Reserve University, 1992
- Ph.D. Case Western Reserve University, 1995
Positions
- Edmund T. Pratt, Jr. School Distinguished Professor of Biomedical Engineering
- Bass Fellow
- Professor in Neurobiology
- Professor in Neurosurgery
- Core Faculty in Innovation & Entrepreneurship
- Faculty Network Member of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences
- Associate of the Duke Initiative for Science & Society
- Professor of Biomedical Engineering
Awards, Honors, and Distinctions
- Fellow (NAI). National Academy of Inventors. 2022
- Capers & Marion McDonald Award for Excellence in Teaching and Research. Pratt School of Engineering. 2018
- Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award. NIH-NINDS . 2015
- Scholar / Teacher of the Year Award. Duke University. 2014
- Outstanding Postdoc Mentor. Duke University. 2013
- Fellow. Biomedical Engineering Society. 2011
- Fellow. American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering. 2007
Courses Taught
- NEUROSCI 515: Neural Prosthetic Systems (GE, EL, IM)
- NEUROSCI 504: Fundamentals of Electrical Stimulation of the Nervous System (EL, GE)
- NEUROSCI 494: Research Independent Study 2
- NEUROSCI 493: Research Independent Study 1
- NEUROSCI 301L: Bioelectricity (AC or GE)
- BME 804: Developments in Neural Engineering
- BME 791: Graduate Independent Study
- BME 515: Neural Prosthetic Systems (GE, EL, IM)
- BME 504: Fundamentals of Electrical Stimulation of the Nervous System (EL, GE)
- BME 494: Projects in Biomedical Engineering (GE)
- BME 493: Projects in Biomedical Engineering (GE)
- BME 301L: Bioelectricity (AC or GE)
Publications
- Grill WM, Pelot NA. Computational modeling of autonomic nerve stimulation: Vagus et al. (Accepted) Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering. 2024 Dec 1;32.
- Hussain MA, Grill WM, Pelot NA. Highly efficient modeling and optimization of neural fiber responses to electrical stimulation. Nature communications. 2024 Aug;15(1):7597.
- Dong P, Bakhurin K, Li Y, Mikati MA, Cui J, Grill WM, et al. Attenuating midline thalamus bursting to mitigate absence epilepsy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Jul 9;121(28):e2403763121.
- Li Y, Lee S-H, Yu C, Hsu L-M, Wang T-WW, Do K, et al. Optogenetic fMRI reveals therapeutic circuits of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Brain stimulation. 2024 Jul;17(4):947–57.
- Wang B, Peterchev AV, Gaugain G, Ilmoniemi RJ, Grill WM, Bikson M, et al. Quasistatic approximation in neuromodulation. ArXiv. 2024 Apr 23;
- Schmidt SL, Chowdhury AH, Mitchell KT, Peters JJ, Gao Q, Lee H-J, et al. At home adaptive dual target deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease with proportional control. Brain. 2024 Mar 1;147(3):911–22.
- Kumaravelu K, Grill WM. Neural mechanisms of the temporal response of cortical neurons to intracortical microstimulation. Brain stimulation. 2024 Mar;17(2):365–81.
- Peña E, Pelot NA, Grill WM. Computational models of compound nerve action potentials: Efficient filter-based methods to quantify effects of tissue conductivities, conduction distance, and nerve fiber parameters. PLoS computational biology. 2024 Mar;20(3):e1011833.
- Barth BB, Redington ER, Gautam N, Pelot NA, Grill WM. Calcium image analysis in the moving gut. Neurogastroenterology and motility. 2023 Dec;35(12):e14678.
- Caussade T, Paduro E, Courdurier M, Cerpa E, Grill WM, Medina LE. Towards a more accurate quasi-static approximation of the electric potential for neurostimulation with kilohertz-frequency sources. Journal of neural engineering. 2023 Dec;20(6).
- Hokanson JA, Langdale CL, Grill WM. Pathways and parameters of sacral neuromodulation in rats. American journal of physiology Renal physiology. 2023 Dec;325(6):F757–69.
- Gilbert JE, Zhang T, Esteller R, Grill WM. Network model of nociceptive processing in the superficial spinal dorsal horn reveals mechanisms of hyperalgesia, allodynia, and spinal cord stimulation. Journal of neurophysiology. 2023 Nov;130(5):1103–17.
- Chang EH, Gabalski AH, Huerta TS, Datta-Chaudhuri T, Zanos TP, Zanos S, et al. The Fifth Bioelectronic Medicine Summit: today's tools, tomorrow's therapies. Bioelectronic medicine. 2023 Oct;9(1):21.
- Aberra AS, Lopez A, Grill WM, Peterchev AV. Rapid estimation of cortical neuron activation thresholds by transcranial magnetic stimulation using convolutional neural networks. Neuroimage. 2023 Jul 15;275:120184.
- Thio BJ, Grill WM. Relative contributions of different neural sources to the EEG. NeuroImage. 2023 Jul;275:120179.
- Cassar IR, Grill WM. The Therapeutic Frequency Profile of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Rats Is Shaped by Antidromic Spike Failure. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2023 Jul;43(27):5114–27.
- Wang B, Zhang J, Li Z, Grill WM, Peterchev AV, Goetz SM. Optimized monophasic pulses with equivalent electric field for rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Neural Eng. 2023 Jun 6;20(3).
- Peña E, Pelot NA, Grill WM. Spatiotemporal parameters for energy efficient kilohertz-frequency nerve block with low onset response. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation. 2023 Jun;20(1):72.
- Musselman ED, Pelot NA, Grill WM. Validated computational models predict vagus nerve stimulation thresholds in preclinical animals and humans. Journal of neural engineering. 2023 Jun;20(3).
- Kuo S-W, Zhang T, Esteller R, Grill WM. In Vivo Measurements Reveal that Both Low- and High-frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation Heterogeneously Modulate Superficial Dorsal Horn Neurons. Neuroscience. 2023 Jun;520:119–31.
- Davis CJ, Musselman ED, Grill WM, Pelot NA. Fibers in smaller fascicles have lower activation thresholds with cuff electrodes due to thinner perineurium and smaller cross-sectional area. Journal of neural engineering. 2023 Apr;20(2).
- Gao Q, Schimdt SL, Chowdhury A, Feng G, Peters JJ, Genty K, et al. Offline Learning of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation Controllers for Parkinson Disease Treatment. ArXiv. 2023 Mar 16;
- Vargas L, Musselman ED, Grill WM, Hu X. Asynchronous axonal firing patterns evoked via continuous subthreshold kilohertz stimulation. Journal of neural engineering. 2023 Mar;20(2).
- Grill WM. A message from the incoming editor. Journal of neural engineering. 2023 Mar;20(1).
- Blanz SL, Musselman ED, Settell ML, Knudsen BE, Nicolai EN, Trevathan JK, et al. Spatially selective stimulation of the pig vagus nerve to modulate target effect versus side effect. Journal of neural engineering. 2023 Feb;20(1).
- Huffman WJ, Musselman ED, Pelot NA, Grill WM. Measuring and modeling the effects of vagus nerve stimulation on heart rate and laryngeal muscles. Bioelectronic medicine. 2023 Feb;9(1):3.
- Wang B, Aberra AS, Grill WM, Peterchev AV. Responses of model cortical neurons to temporal interference stimulation and related transcranial alternating current stimulation modalities. J Neural Eng. 2023 Jan 3;19(6).
- Thio BJ, Aberra AS, Dessert GE, Grill WM. Ideal current dipoles are appropriate source representations for simulating neurons for intracranial recordings. Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2023 Jan;145:26–35.
- Palopoli-Trojani K, Schmidt SL, Baringer KD, Slotkin TA, Peters JJ, Turner DA, et al. Temporally non-regular patterns of deep brain stimulation (DBS) enhance assessment of evoked potentials while maintaining motor symptom management in Parkinson's disease (PD). Brain Stimul. 2023;16(6):1630–42.
- Aberra AS, Wang R, Grill WM, Peterchev AV. Multi-scale model of axonal and dendritic polarization by transcranial direct current stimulation in realistic head geometry. Brain Stimul. 2023;16(6):1776–91.
- Dessert GE, Thio BJ, Grill WM. Optimization of patient-specific stereo-EEG recording sensitivity. Brain communications. 2023 Jan;5(6):fcad304.
- Upadhye AR, Kolluru C, Druschel L, Al Lababidi L, Ahmad SS, Menendez DM, et al. Fascicles split or merge every ∼560 microns within the human cervical vagus nerve. Journal of neural engineering. 2022 Nov;19(5).
- Gilbert JE, Titus N, Zhang T, Esteller R, Grill WM. Surround Inhibition Mediates Pain Relief by Low Amplitude Spinal Cord Stimulation: Modeling and Measurement. eNeuro. 2022 Sep;9(5):ENEURO.0058-ENEU22.2022.
- Gilbert JE, Zhang T, Esteller R, Grill WM. Evaluating optimized temporal patterns of spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Brain stimulation. 2022 Sep;15(5):1051–62.
- Grill W, Sridhar A, Hokanson JA, Langdale CL. Data from: Stimulation of the pelvic nerve increases bladder capacity in the Prostaglandin E2 rat model of overactive bladder. 2022.
- Mitchell KT, Schmidt SL, Cooney JW, Grill WM, Peters J, Rahimpour S, et al. Initial Clinical Outcome With Bilateral, Dual-Target Deep Brain Stimulation Trial in Parkinson Disease Using Summit RC + S. Neurosurgery. 2022 Jul 1;91(1):132–8.
- Goetz SM, Howell B, Wang B, Li Z, Sommer MA, Peterchev AV, et al. Isolating two sources of variability of subcortical stimulation to quantify fluctuations of corticospinal tract excitability. Clin Neurophysiol. 2022 Jun;138:134–42.
- Cassar IR, Grill WM. The cortical evoked potential corresponds with deep brain stimulation efficacy in rats. Journal of neurophysiology. 2022 May;127(5):1253–68.
- Sombeck JT, Heye J, Kumaravelu K, Goetz SM, Peterchev AV, Grill WM, et al. Characterizing the short-latency evoked response to intracortical microstimulation across a multi-electrode array. J Neural Eng. 2022 Apr 20;19(2).
- Thor KB, Langdale CL, Karicheti V, Grill WM. Characterization of bilateral, pudendal nerve-evoked, urethral rhabdosphincter contractions in anesthetized cats. Continence. 2022 Mar 1;1.
- Gao Q, Schmidt SL, Kamaravelu K, Turner DA, Grill WM, Pajic M. Offline Policy Evaluation for Learning-based Deep Brain Stimulation Controllers. In: Proceedings - 13th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, ICCPS 2022. 2022. p. 80–91.
- Dale J, Schmidt SL, Mitchell K, Turner DA, Grill WM. Evoked potentials generated by deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease. Brain Stimul. 2022;15(5):1040–7.
- Barth BB, Spencer NJ, Grill WM. Activation of ENS Circuits in Mouse Colon: Coordination in the Mouse Colonic Motor Complex as a Robust, Distributed Control System. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 2022 Jan;1383:113–23.
- Okun MS, Hickey PT, Machado AG, Kuncel AM, Grill WM. Temporally optimized patterned stimulation (TOPS®) as a therapy to personalize deep brain stimulation treatment of Parkinson's disease. Frontiers in human neuroscience. 2022 Jan;16:929509.
- Kumaravelu K, Sombeck J, Miller LE, Bensmaia SJ, Grill WM. Stoney vs. Histed: Quantifying the spatial effects of intracortical microstimulation. Brain stimulation. 2022 Jan;15(1):141–51.
- Gonzalez EJ, Odom MR, Hannan JL, Grill WM. Dysfunctional voiding behavior and impaired muscle contractility in a rat model of detrusor underactivity. Neurourol Urodyn. 2021 Nov;40(8):1889–99.
- Musselman ED, Cariello JE, Grill WM, Pelot NA. ASCENT (Automated Simulations to Characterize Electrical Nerve Thresholds): A pipeline for sample-specific computational modeling of electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves. PLoS computational biology. 2021 Sep;17(9):e1009285.
- Langdale CL, Degoski D, Milliken PH, Grill WM. Voiding behavior in awake unrestrained untethered spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar control rats. American journal of physiology Renal physiology. 2021 Aug;321(2):F195–206.
- Settell ML, Pelot NA, Knudsen BE, Dingle AM, McConico AL, Nicolai EN, et al. Corrigendum: Functional vagotopy in the cervical vagus nerve of the domestic pig: implications for the study of vagus nerve stimulation (2020J. Neural Eng.17 026022). Journal of neural engineering. 2021 Jun;18(4).
- Barth BB, Travis L, Spencer NJ, Grill WM. Control of colonic motility using electrical stimulation to modulate enteric neural activity. American journal of physiology Gastrointestinal and liver physiology. 2021 Apr;320(4):G675–87.
- Schmidt SL, Grill WM. Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia Is Mediated by Cortical Gamma Oscillations in Experimental Parkinsonism. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2021 Apr;36(4):1044–5.
- Peña E, Pelot NA, Grill WM. Non-monotonic kilohertz frequency neural block thresholds arise from amplitude- and frequency-dependent charge imbalance. Scientific reports. 2021 Mar;11(1):5077.
- Hokanson JA, Langdale CL, Milliken PH, Sridhar A, Grill WM. Effects of intravesical prostaglandin E2 on bladder function are preserved in capsaicin-desensitized rats. American journal of physiology Renal physiology. 2021 Feb;320(2):F212–23.
- Krauss JK, Lipsman N, Aziz T, Boutet A, Brown P, Chang JW, et al. Technology of deep brain stimulation: current status and future directions. Nature reviews Neurology. 2021 Feb;17(2):75–87.
- Hokanson JA, Langdale CL, Sridhar A, Milliken P, Grill WM. State-dependent bioelectronic interface to control bladder function. Scientific reports. 2021 Jan;11(1):314.
- Quigley KS, Kanoski S, Grill WM, Barrett LF, Tsakiris M. Functions of Interoception: From Energy Regulation to Experience of the Self. Trends in neurosciences. 2021 Jan;44(1):29–38.
- Pelot NA, Catherall DC, Thio BJ, Titus ND, Liang ED, Henriquez CS, et al. Excitation properties of computational models of unmyelinated peripheral axons. Journal of neurophysiology. 2021 Jan;125(1):86–104.
- Settell ML, Skubal AC, Chen RCH, Kasole M, Knudsen BE, Nicolai EN, et al. In vivo Visualization of Pig Vagus Nerve "Vagotopy" Using Ultrasound. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2021 Jan;15:676680.
- Zhu Y, Wang J, Li H, Liu C, Grill WM. Adaptive Parameter Modulation of Deep Brain Stimulation Based on Improved Supervisory Algorithm. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2021 Jan;15:750806.
- Bourbeau D, Creasey G, French J, Grill WM, Howley S, Krassioukov A, et al. A roadmap for advancing neurostimulation approaches for bladder and bowel function after spinal cord injury. Spinal cord. 2020 Nov;58(11):1227–32.
- Schmidt SL, Brocker DT, Swan BD, Turner DA, Grill WM. Evoked potentials reveal neural circuits engaged by human deep brain stimulation. Brain stimulation. 2020 Nov;13(6):1706–18.
- Kumaravelu K, Tomlinson T, Callier T, Sombeck J, Bensmaia SJ, Miller LE, et al. A comprehensive model-based framework for optimal design of biomimetic patterns of electrical stimulation for prosthetic sensation. Journal of neural engineering. 2020 Sep;17(4):046045.
- Peña E, Pelot NA, Grill WM. Quantitative comparisons of block thresholds and onset responses for charge-balanced kilohertz frequency waveforms. Journal of neural engineering. 2020 Sep;17(4):046048.
- Nicolai EN, Settell ML, Knudsen BE, McConico AL, Gosink BA, Trevathan JK, et al. Sources of off-target effects of vagus nerve stimulation using the helical clinical lead in domestic pigs. Journal of neural engineering. 2020 Jul;17(4):046017.
- Steadman CJ, Grill WM. Spinal cord stimulation for the restoration of bladder function after spinal cord injury. Healthcare technology letters. 2020 Jun;7(3):87–92.
- Yi G, Grill WM. Kilohertz waveforms optimized to produce closed-state Na+ channel inactivation eliminate onset response in nerve conduction block. PLoS computational biology. 2020 Jun;16(6):e1007766.
- Langdale CL, Hokanson JA, Milliken PH, Sridhar A, Grill WM. Stimulation of the pelvic nerve increases bladder capacity in the PGE2 cat model of overactive bladder. American journal of physiology Renal physiology. 2020 Jun;318(6):F1357–68.
- Grill W, Yi G. Data and code from: Waveforms optimized to produce closed-state Na+ inactivation eliminate onset response in nerve conduction block. 2020.
- Yu C, Cassar IR, Sambangi J, Grill WM. Frequency-Specific Optogenetic Deep Brain Stimulation of Subthalamic Nucleus Improves Parkinsonian Motor Behaviors. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2020 May;40(22):4323–34.
- Settell ML, Pelot NA, Knudsen BE, Dingle AM, McConico AL, Nicolai EN, et al. Functional vagotopy in the cervical vagus nerve of the domestic pig: implications for the study of vagus nerve stimulation. Journal of neural engineering. 2020 Apr;17(2):026022.
- Gao Q, Naumann M, Jovanov I, Lesi V, Kamaravelu K, Grill WM, et al. Model-based design of closed loop deep brain stimulation controller using reinforcement learning. In: Proceedings - 2020 ACM/IEEE 11th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, ICCPS 2020. 2020. p. 108–18.
- Swan BD, Brocker DT, Gross RE, Turner DA, Grill WM. Effects of ramped-frequency thalamic deep brain stimulation on tremor and activity of modeled neurons. Clin Neurophysiol. 2020 Mar;131(3):625–34.
- Pelot NA, Grill WM. In vivo quantification of excitation and kilohertz frequency block of the rat vagus nerve. Journal of neural engineering. 2020 Mar;17(2):026005.
- Grill WM, Wongsarnpigoon A. Energy Optimal Stimulation Waveforms, Or Not: Comments on "An Investigation of Neural Stimulation Efficiency With Gaussian Waveforms". IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2020 Mar;
- Ramirez-Zamora A, Giordano J, Gunduz A, Alcantara J, Cagle JN, Cernera S, et al. Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: Advances in Neurophysiology, Adaptive DBS, Virtual Reality, Neuroethics and Technology. Frontiers in human neuroscience. 2020 Jan;14:54.
- Pelot NA, Goldhagen GB, Cariello JE, Musselman ED, Clissold KA, Ezzell JA, et al. Quantified Morphology of the Cervical and Subdiaphragmatic Vagus Nerves of Human, Pig, and Rat. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2020 Jan;14:601479.
- Schmidt SL, Peters JJ, Turner DA, Grill WM. Continuous deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus may not modulate beta bursts in patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain Stimul. 2020;13(2):433–43.
- Aberra AS, Wang B, Grill WM, Peterchev AV. Simulation of transcranial magnetic stimulation in head model with morphologically-realistic cortical neurons. Brain Stimul. 2020;13(1):175–89.
- McKee DC, Gonzalez EJ, Amundsen CL, Grill WM. Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of High Concentration Intraurethral Lidocaine on Urodynamic Voiding Parameters. Urology. 2019 Nov;133:72–7.
- Kisby CK, Gonzalez EJ, Visco AG, Amundsen CL, Grill WM. Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of Intraurethral Lidocaine on Urodynamic Voiding Parameters. Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey. 2019 Nov 1;74(11):648–9.
- Goetz SM, Kozyrkov IC, Luber B, Lisanby SH, Murphy DLK, Grill WM, et al. Accuracy of robotic coil positioning during transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Neural Eng. 2019 Sep 17;16(5):054003.
- Cartmell SC, Tian Q, Thio BJ, Leuze C, Ye L, Williams NR, et al. Multimodal characterization of the human nucleus accumbens. NeuroImage. 2019 Sep;198:137–49.
- Swan CB, Schulte DJ, Brocker DT, Grill WM. Beta Frequency Oscillations in the Subthalamic Nucleus Are Not Sufficient for the Development of Symptoms of Parkinsonian Bradykinesia/Akinesia in Rats. eNeuro. 2019 Sep;6(5):ENEURO.0089-ENEU19.2019.
- Musselman ED, Pelot NA, Grill WM. Empirically Based Guidelines for Selecting Vagus Nerve Stimulation Parameters in Epilepsy and Heart Failure. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine. 2019 Jul;9(7):a034264.
- Cassar IR, Yu C, Sambangi J, Lee CD, Whalen JJ, Petrossians A, et al. Electrodeposited platinum-iridium coating improves in vivo recording performance of chronically implanted microelectrode arrays. Biomaterials. 2019 Jun;205:120–32.
- Yi G, Grill WM. Average firing rate rather than temporal pattern determines metabolic cost of activity in thalamocortical relay neurons. Scientific reports. 2019 May;9(1):6940.
- Grill WM, DeBerry JJ. Innovative device illuminates the horizon of bioelectronic medicines. Nature reviews Urology. 2019 Apr;16(4):209–10.
- Pelot NA, Behrend CE, Grill WM. On the parameters used in finite element modeling of compound peripheral nerves. Journal of neural engineering. 2019 Feb;16(1):016007.
- Huffman WJ, Subramaniyan S, Rodriguiz RM, Wetsel WC, Grill WM, Terrando N. Modulation of neuroinflammation and memory dysfunction using percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in mice. Brain Stimul. 2019;12(1):19–29.
- Gonzalez EJ, Grill WM. Sensory pudendal nerve stimulation increases bladder capacity through sympathetic mechanisms in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis rats. Neurourology and urodynamics. 2019 Jan;38(1):135–43.
- Kisby CK, Gonzalez EJ, Visco AG, Amundsen CL, Grill WM. Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Impact of Intraurethral Lidocaine on Urodynamic Voiding Parameters. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2019;25(4):265–70.
- Su F, Kumaravelu K, Wang J, Grill WM. Model-Based Evaluation of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation Controller to Adapt to Dynamic Changes in Reference Signal. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2019 Jan;13:956.
- Grill WM. Temporal Pattern of Electrical Stimulation is a New Dimension of Therapeutic Innovation. Current opinion in biomedical engineering. 2018 Dec;8:1–6.
- Aberra AS, Peterchev AV, Grill WM. Biophysically realistic neuron models for simulation of cortical stimulation. J Neural Eng. 2018 Dec;15(6):066023.
- Oza CS, Brocker DT, Behrend CE, Grill WM. Patterned low-frequency deep brain stimulation induces motor deficits and modulates cortex-basal ganglia neural activity in healthy rats. Journal of neurophysiology. 2018 Nov;120(5):2410–22.
- Yi G, Grill WM. Frequency-dependent antidromic activation in thalamocortical relay neurons: effects of synaptic inputs. Journal of neural engineering. 2018 Oct;15(5):056001.
- Jovanov I, Naumann M, Kumaravelu K, Grill WM, Pajic M. Platform for Model-Based Design and Testing for Deep Brain Stimulation. In: Proceedings - 9th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, ICCPS 2018. 2018. p. 263–74.
- Jovanov I, Nauman M, Kumaravelu K, Lesi V, Zutshi A, Grill WM, et al. Learning-Based Control Design for Deep Brain Stimulation. In: Proceedings - 9th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, ICCPS 2018. 2018. p. 349–50.
- Wheeler TL, Bowel and Bladder Workshop Participants, de Groat W, Eisner K, Emmanuel A, French J, et al. Translating promising strategies for bowel and bladder management in spinal cord injury. Experimental neurology. 2018 Aug;306:169–76.
- Pelot NA, Grill WM. Effects of vagal neuromodulation on feeding behavior. Brain research. 2018 Aug;1693(Pt B):180–7.
- Kumaravelu K, Oza CS, Behrend CE, Grill WM. Model-based deconstruction of cortical evoked potentials generated by subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Journal of neurophysiology. 2018 Aug;120(2):662–80.
- Rutter EM, Langdale CL, Hokanson JA, Hamilton F, Tran H, Grill WM, et al. Detection of Bladder Contractions From the Activity of the External Urethral Sphincter in Rats Using Sparse Regression. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2018 Aug;26(8):1636–44.
- Wang B, Grill WM, Peterchev AV. Coupling Magnetically Induced Electric Fields to Neurons: Longitudinal and Transverse Activation. Biophys J. 2018 Jul 3;115(1):95–107.
- Lee H-M, Howell B, Grill WM, Ghovanloo M. Stimulation Efficiency With Decaying Exponential Waveforms in a Wirelessly Powered Switched-Capacitor Discharge Stimulation System. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 2018 May;65(5):1095–106.
- Hokanson JA, Langdale CL, Sridhar A, Grill WM. Stimulation of the sensory pudendal nerve increases bladder capacity in the rat. American journal of physiology Renal physiology. 2018 Apr;314(4):F543–50.
- Wang B, Aberra AS, Grill WM, Peterchev AV. Modified cable equation incorporating transverse polarization of neuronal membranes for accurate coupling of electric fields. J Neural Eng. 2018 Apr;15(2):026003.
- Swan BD, Gasperson LB, Krucoff MO, Grill WM, Turner DA. Sensory percepts induced by microwire array and DBS microstimulation in human sensory thalamus. Brain Stimul. 2018;11(2):416–22.
- Grill WM. Waveforms for Neural Stimulation. In: Neuromodulation: Comprehensive Textbook of Principles, Technologies, and Therapies, Second Edition: Volume 1-3. 2018. p. 95–102.
- Pelot NA, Thio BJ, Grill WM. Modeling Current Sources for Neural Stimulation in COMSOL. Frontiers in computational neuroscience. 2018 Jan;12:40.
- Barth BB, Henriquez CS, Grill WM, Shen X. Electrical stimulation of gut motility guided by an in silico model. J Neural Eng. 2017 Dec;14(6):066010.
- Cassar IR, Titus ND, Grill WM. An improved genetic algorithm for designing optimal temporal patterns of neural stimulation. Journal of neural engineering. 2017 Dec;14(6):066013.
- Hokanson JA, Langdale CL, Sridhar A, Grill WM. OAB without an overactive bladder in the acute prostaglandin E2 rat model. American journal of physiology Renal physiology. 2017 Nov;313(5):F1169–77.
- McGee MJ, Swan BD, Danziger ZC, Amundsen CL, Grill WM. Multiple Reflex Pathways Contribute to Bladder Activation by Intraurethral Stimulation in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury. Urology. 2017 Nov;109:210–5.
- Langdale CL, Hokanson JA, Sridhar A, Grill WM. Stimulation of the pelvic nerve increases bladder capacity in the prostaglandin E2 rat model of overactive bladder. American journal of physiology Renal physiology. 2017 Sep;313(3):F657–65.
- Gonzalez EJ, Grill WM. The effects of neuromodulation in a novel obese-prone rat model of detrusor underactivity. American journal of physiology Renal physiology. 2017 Sep;313(3):F815–25.
- Lubba C, Mitrani E, Hokanson J, Grill WM, Schultz SR. Real-time decoding of bladder pressure from pelvic nerve activity CP. In: International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, NER. 2017. p. 617–20.
- Danziger ZC, Grill WM. Sensory feedback from the urethra evokes state-dependent lower urinary tract reflexes in rat. The Journal of physiology. 2017 Aug;595(16):5687–98.
- Pelot NA, Behrend CE, Grill WM. Modeling the response of small myelinated axons in a compound nerve to kilohertz frequency signals. Journal of neural engineering. 2017 Aug;14(4):046022.
- Cho K-I, Yoon D, Qiu S, Danziger Z, Grill WM, Wetsel WC, et al. Loss of Ranbp2 in motoneurons causes disruption of nucleocytoplasmic and chemokine signaling, proteostasis of hnRNPH3 and Mmp28, and development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like syndromes. Dis Model Mech. 2017 May 1;10(5):559–79.
- Hokanson JA, Amundsen CL, Grill WM. Neuroprosthetic control of lower urinary tract function. In: Neuroprosthetics: Theory and Practice: Second Edition. 2017. p. 537–65.
- So RQ, McConnell GC, Grill WM. Frequency-dependent, transient effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on methamphetamine-induced circling and neuronal activity in the hemiparkinsonian rat. Behavioural brain research. 2017 Mar;320:119–27.
- Brocker DT, Swan BD, So RQ, Turner DA, Gross RE, Grill WM. Optimized temporal pattern of brain stimulation designed by computational evolution. Sci Transl Med. 2017 Jan 4;9(371).
- Ramirez-Zamora A, Giordano JJ, Gunduz A, Brown P, Sanchez JC, Foote KD, et al. Evolving Applications, Technological Challenges and Future Opportunities in Neuromodulation: Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2017 Jan;11:734.
- Hoang KB, Cassar IR, Grill WM, Turner DA. Biomarkers and Stimulation Algorithms for Adaptive Brain Stimulation. Front Neurosci. 2017;11:564.
- Crosby ND, Janik JJ, Grill WM. Modulation of activity and conduction in single dorsal column axons by kilohertz-frequency spinal cord stimulation. Journal of neurophysiology. 2017 Jan;117(1):136–47.
- Langdale CL, Grill WM. Phasic activation of the external urethral sphincter increases voiding efficiency in the rat and the cat. Experimental neurology. 2016 Nov;285(Pt B):173–81.
- McGee MJ, Grill WM. Temporal pattern of stimulation modulates reflex bladder activation by pudendal nerve stimulation. Neurourology and urodynamics. 2016 Nov;35(8):882–7.
- Danziger ZC, Grill WM. Sensory and circuit mechanisms mediating lower urinary tract reflexes. Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical. 2016 Oct;200:21–8.
- Danziger ZC, Grill WM. Estimating postvoid residual volume without measuring residual bladder volume during serial cystometrograms. American journal of physiology Renal physiology. 2016 Aug;311(2):F459–68.
- Medina LE, Grill WM. Nerve excitation using an amplitude-modulated signal with kilohertz-frequency carrier and non-zero offset. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation. 2016 Jul;13(1):63.
- McGee MJ, Grill WM. Modeling the spinal pudendo-vesical reflex for bladder control by pudendal afferent stimulation. Journal of computational neuroscience. 2016 Jun;40(3):283–96.
- McConnell GC, So RQ, Grill WM. Failure to suppress low-frequency neuronal oscillatory activity underlies the reduced effectiveness of random patterns of deep brain stimulation. Journal of neurophysiology. 2016 Jun;115(6):2791–802.
- Pages DS, Ross DA, Puñal VM, Agashe S, Dweck I, Mueller J, et al. Effects of Electrical Stimulation in the Inferior Colliculus on Frequency Discrimination by Rhesus Monkeys and Implications for the Auditory Midbrain Implant. J Neurosci. 2016 May 4;36(18):5071–83.
- Kumaravelu K, Brocker DT, Grill WM. A biophysical model of the cortex-basal ganglia-thalamus network in the 6-OHDA lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease. Journal of computational neuroscience. 2016 Apr;40(2):207–29.
- Swan BD, Brocker DT, Hilliard JD, Tatter SB, Gross RE, Turner DA, et al. Short pauses in thalamic deep brain stimulation promote tremor and neuronal bursting. Clin Neurophysiol. 2016 Feb;127(2):1551–9.
- Yoo PB, Liu H, Hincapie JG, Ruble SB, Hamann JJ, Grill WM. Modulation of heart rate by temporally patterned vagus nerve stimulation in the anesthetized dog. Physiological reports. 2016 Feb;4(2):e12689.
- Goetz SM, Luber B, Lisanby SH, Murphy DLK, Kozyrkov IC, Grill WM, et al. Enhancement of Neuromodulation with Novel Pulse Shapes Generated by Controllable Pulse Parameter Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Brain Stimul. 2016;9(1):39–47.
- Deeb W, Giordano JJ, Rossi PJ, Mogilner AY, Gunduz A, Judy JW, et al. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: A Review of Emerging Issues and Technologies. Frontiers in integrative neuroscience. 2016 Jan;10:38.
- Couto J, Grill WM. Kilohertz Frequency Deep Brain Stimulation Is Ineffective at Regularizing the Firing of Model Thalamic Neurons. Frontiers in computational neuroscience. 2016 Jan;10:22.
- Rossi PJ, Gunduz A, Judy J, Wilson L, Machado A, Giordano JJ, et al. Proceedings of the Third Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: A Review of Emerging Issues and Technologies. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2016 Jan;10:119.
- Howell B, Medina LE, Grill WM. Effects of frequency-dependent membrane capacitance on neural excitability. Journal of neural engineering. 2015 Oct;12(5):56015–56015.
- Grigsby EM, Koval MJ, Smith MV, Mueller JK, Deng ZD, Peterchev A, et al. Neural Effects of rTMS: Single Neuron Recordings From a Rhesus Macaque. JOURNAL OF ECT. 2015 Sep 1;31(3):E33–E33.
- Howell B, Huynh B, Grill WM. Design and in vivo evaluation of more efficient and selective deep brain stimulation electrodes. Journal of neural engineering. 2015 Aug;12(4):046030.
- Danziger ZC, Grill WM. Dynamics of the sensory response to urethral flow over multiple time scales in rat. The Journal of physiology. 2015 Aug;593(15):3351–71.
- Zhang TC, Janik JJ, Peters RV, Chen G, Ji R-R, Grill WM. Spinal sensory projection neuron responses to spinal cord stimulation are mediated by circuits beyond gate control. J Neurophysiol. 2015 Jul;114(1):284–300.
- Pelot NA, Behrend CE, Grill WM. Modeling the response of small myelinated and unmyelinated axons to kilohertz frequency signals. In: International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, NER. 2015. p. 406–9.
- Medina LE, Grill WM. Phantom model of transcutaneous electrical stimulation with kilohertz signals. In: International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, NER. 2015. p. 430–3.
- Lee HM, Kwon KY, Li W, Howell B, Grill WM, Ghovanloo M. Corrections to “A Power-Efficient Switched-Capacitor Stimulating System for Electrical/Optical Deep-Brain Stimulation”. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits. 2015 Jun 15;
- Behrend CE, Mace BE, Gauger L, Kolls BJ, Grill WM. Quantification of beta activity with disease progression in EEG recordings in Parkinson's disease patients. In: MOVEMENT DISORDERS. WILEY-BLACKWELL; 2015. p. S31–S31.
- Howell B, Lad SP, Grill WM. Correction: Evaluation of intradural stimulation efficiency and selectivity in a computational model of spinal cord stimulation. PLoS ONE. 2015 Apr 7;10(4).
- Howell B, Grill WM. Design of electrodes for stimulation and recording. In: Implantable Neuroprostheses for Restoring Function. 2015. p. 59–93.
- McGee MJ, Amundsen CL, Grill WM. Electrical stimulation for the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction after spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2015 Mar;38(2):135–46.
- Danziger Z, Grill WM. A neuron model of stochastic resonance using rectangular pulse trains. Journal of computational neuroscience. 2015 Feb;38(1):53–66.
- Kent AR, Swan BD, Brocker DT, Turner DA, Gross RE, Grill WM. Measurement of evoked potentials during thalamic deep brain stimulation. Brain Stimul. 2015;8(1):42–56.
- Grill WM. Model-based analysis and design of waveforms for efficient neural stimulation. Progress in brain research. 2015 Jan;222:147–62.
- Medina LE, Grill WM. Volume conductor model of transcutaneous electrical stimulation with kilohertz signals. Journal of neural engineering. 2014 Dec;11(6):066012.
- McGee MJ, Grill WM. Selective co-stimulation of pudendal afferents enhances bladder activation and improves voiding efficiency. Neurourology and urodynamics. 2014 Nov;33(8):1272–8.
- McGee MJ, Danziger ZC, Bamford JA, Grill WM. A spinal GABAergic mechanism is necessary for bladder inhibition by pudendal afferent stimulation. American journal of physiology Renal physiology. 2014 Oct;307(8):F921–30.
- Mueller JK, Grigsby EM, Prevosto V, Petraglia FW, Rao H, Deng Z-D, et al. Simultaneous transcranial magnetic stimulation and single-neuron recording in alert non-human primates. Nat Neurosci. 2014 Aug;17(8):1130–6.
- Kent AR, Grill WM. Analysis of deep brain stimulation electrode characteristics for neural recording. Journal of neural engineering. 2014 Aug;11(4):046010.
- Zhang TC, Janik JJ, Grill WM. Modeling effects of spinal cord stimulation on wide-dynamic range dorsal horn neurons: influence of stimulation frequency and GABAergic inhibition. Journal of neurophysiology. 2014 Aug;112(3):552–67.
- Howell B, Grill WM. Evaluation of high-perimeter electrode designs for deep brain stimulation. Journal of neural engineering. 2014 Aug;11(4):046026.
- Swan BD, Grill WM, Turner DA. Investigation of deep brain stimulation mechanisms during implantable pulse generator replacement surgery. Neuromodulation. 2014 Jul;17(5):419–24.
- Zhang TC, Janik JJ, Grill WM. Mechanisms and models of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Brain research. 2014 Jun;1569:19–31.
- Birmingham K, Gradinaru V, Anikeeva P, Grill WM, Pikov V, McLaughlin B, et al. Bioelectronic medicines: a research roadmap. Nature reviews Drug discovery. 2014 Jun;13(6):399–400.
- Dorval AD, Grill WM. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus reestablishes neuronal information transmission in the 6-OHDA rat model of parkinsonism. Journal of neurophysiology. 2014 May;111(10):1949–59.
- Howell B, Naik S, Grill WM. Influences of interpolation error, electrode geometry, and the electrode-tissue interface on models of electric fields produced by deep brain stimulation. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 2014 Feb;61(2):297–307.
- Birdno MJ, Tang W, Dostrovsky JO, Hutchison WD, Grill WM. Response of human thalamic neurons to high-frequency stimulation. PloS one. 2014 Jan;9(5):e96026.
- Howell B, Grill WM. Computational Models to Optimize the Electrodes and Waveforms for Deep Brain Stimulation. In: Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience. Springer New York; 2014. p. 1–5.
- Medina LE, Grill WM. Mammalian Motor Nerve Fibers, Models of. In: Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience. Springer New York; 2014. p. 1–4.
- Mueller JK, Grigsby EM, Prevosto V, Petraglia FW, Rao H, Deng ZD, et al. Simultaneous transcranial magnetic stimulation and single-neuron recording in alert non-human primates. Nature Neuroscience. 2014 Jan 1;17(8):1130–6.
- Howell B, Lad SP, Grill WM. Evaluation of intradural stimulation efficiency and selectivity in a computational model of spinal cord stimulation. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e114938.
- Grill WM. Theory and Physiology of Electrical Stimulation of the Central Nervous System. In: Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals. 2014. p. 51-1-51–14.
- McGee MJ, Grill WM. Temporal patterns of pudendal afferent stimulation modulate reflex bladder activation. In: International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, NER. 2013. p. 843–6.
- Goetz SM, Luber B, Lisanby S, Kozyrkov CI, Grill WM, Peterchev AV. Enhancement of rTMS Neuromodulatory Effects with Novel Waveforms Demonstrated via Controllable Pulse Parameter TMS (cTMS). NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY. 2013 Dec 1;38:S246–7.
- Medina LE, Grill WM. Circuit and volume conductor models of transcutaneous electrical stimulation. In: International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, NER. 2013. p. 1473–6.
- McConnell GC, Grill WM. Stimulation location within the substantia nigra pars reticulata differentially modulates gait in hemiparkinsonian rats. In: International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, NER. 2013. p. 1210–3.
- Zhang TC, Janik JJ, Grill WM. Network model of the effects of spinal cord stimulation. In: International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, NER. 2013. p. 1123–6.
- Howell B, Grill WM. Model-based optimization of electrode designs for deep brain stimulation. In: International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, NER. 2013. p. 154–7.
- Frahm KS, Mørch CD, Grill WM, Lubock NB, Hennings K, Andersen OK. Activation of peripheral nerve fibers by electrical stimulation in the sole of the foot. BMC neuroscience. 2013 Oct;14:116.
- Frahm KS, Mørch CD, Grill WM, Andersen OK. Experimental and model-based analysis of differences in perception of cutaneous electrical stimulation across the sole of the foot. Medical & biological engineering & computing. 2013 Sep;51(9):999–1009.
- Kent AR, Grill WM. Neural origin of evoked potentials during thalamic deep brain stimulation. Journal of neurophysiology. 2013 Aug;110(4):826–43.
- Mueller JK, Grill WM. Model-based analysis of multiple electrode array stimulation for epiretinal visual prostheses. Journal of neural engineering. 2013 Jun;10(3):036002.
- Kent AR, Grill WM. Model-based analysis and design of nerve cuff electrodes for restoring bladder function by selective stimulation of the pudendal nerve. Journal of neural engineering. 2013 Jun;10(3):036010.
- Yoo PB, Lubock NB, Hincapie JG, Ruble SB, Hamann JJ, Grill WM. High-resolution measurement of electrically-evoked vagus nerve activity in the anesthetized dog. Journal of neural engineering. 2013 Apr;10(2):026003.
- Brocker DT, Swan BD, Turner DA, Gross RE, Tatter SB, Koop MM, et al. Improved efficacy of temporally non-regular deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol. 2013 Jan;239:60–7.
- Brocker DT, Grill WM. Principles of electrical stimulation of neural tissue. Handbook of clinical neurology. 2013 Jan;116:3–18.
- McGee M, Grill WM. Methodologies for the Restoration of Bladder and Bowel Functions. In: Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience. Springer New York; 2013. p. 1–6.
- McConnell GC, So RQ, Hilliard JD, Lopomo P, Grill WM. Effective deep brain stimulation suppresses low-frequency network oscillations in the basal ganglia by regularizing neural firing patterns. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2012 Nov;32(45):15657–68.
- Brown B, Parker CB, Stoner BR, Grill WM, Glass JT. Electrochemical charge storage properties of vertically aligned carbon nanotube films: Effects of thermal oxidation. Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 2012 Sep 13;116(36):19526–34.
- So RQ, McConnell GC, August AT, Grill WM. Characterizing effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on methamphetamine-induced circling behavior in hemi-Parkinsonian rats. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2012 Sep;20(5):626–35.
- Snellings AE, Grill WM. Effects of stimulation site and stimulation parameters on bladder inhibition by electrical nerve stimulation. BJU international. 2012 Jul;110(1):136–43.
- So RQ, Kent AR, Grill WM. Relative contributions of local cell and passing fiber activation and silencing to changes in thalamic fidelity during deep brain stimulation and lesioning: a computational modeling study. Journal of computational neuroscience. 2012 Jun;32(3):499–519.
- Kent AR, Grill WM. Recording evoked potentials during deep brain stimulation: development and validation of instrumentation to suppress the stimulus artefact. Journal of neural engineering. 2012 Jun;9(3):036004.
- Snellings AE, Yoo PB, Grill WM. Urethral flow-responsive afferents in the cat sacral dorsal root ganglia. Neuroscience letters. 2012 May;516(1):34–8.
- Kuncel AM, Birdno MJ, Swan BD, Grill WM. Tremor reduction and modeled neural activity during cycling thalamic deep brain stimulation. Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2012 May;123(5):1044–52.
- Chen S-C, Grill WM, Fan W-J, Kou YR, Lin YS, Lai C-H, et al. Bilateral pudendal afferent stimulation improves bladder emptying in rats with urinary retention. BJU international. 2012 Apr;109(7):1051–8.
- Kent AR, Grill WM. Recording evoked potentials during deep brain stimulation: development and evaluation of instrumentation to suppress the stimulation artifact. Journal of Neural Engineering. 2012;9(036004).
- Klein SM, Melton MS, Grill WM, Nielsen KC. Peripheral nerve stimulation in regional anesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2012;37(4):383–92.
- Wongsarnpigoon A, Grill WM. Computer-based model of epidural motor cortex stimulation: effects of electrode position and geometry on activation of cortical neurons. Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2012 Jan;123(1):160–72.
- Birdno MJ, Kuncel AM, Dorval AD, Turner DA, Gross RE, Grill WM. Stimulus features underlying reduced tremor suppression with temporally patterned deep brain stimulation. J Neurophysiol. 2012 Jan;107(1):364–83.
- Wongsarnpigoon A, Grill WM. Effects of stimulation parameters and electrode location on thresholds for epidural stimulation of cat motor cortex. Journal of neural engineering. 2011 Dec;8(6):066016.
- So RQ, McConnell GC, Hilliard JD, Grill WM. Irregular high frequency patterns decrease the effectiveness of deep brain stimulation in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. 2011 5th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering, NER 2011. 2011 Jul 20;322–5.
- Woock JP, Yoo PB, Grill WM. Mechanisms of reflex bladder activation by pudendal afferents. American journal of physiology Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology. 2011 Feb;300(2):R398–407.
- Santaniello S, Fiengo G, Glielmo L, Grill WM. Closed-loop control of deep brain stimulation: a simulation study. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2011 Feb;19(1):15–24.
- Yoo PB, Horvath EE, Amundsen CL, Webster GD, Grill WM. Multiple pudendal sensory pathways reflexly modulate bladder and urethral activity in patients with spinal cord injury. J Urol. 2011 Feb;185(2):737–43.
- Castoro MA, Yoo PB, Hincapie JG, Hamann JJ, Ruble SB, Wolf PD, et al. Excitation properties of the right cervical vagus nerve in adult dogs. Experimental neurology. 2011 Jan;227(1):62–8.
- Yoo PB, Hincapie JG, Hamann JJ, Ruble SB, Wolf PD, Grill WM. Selective control of physiological responses by temporally-patterned electrical stimulation of the canine vagus nerve. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual International Conference. 2011 Jan;2011:3107–10.
- Kent AR, Grill WM. Instrumentation to record evoked potentials for closed-loop control of deep brain stimulation. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual International Conference. 2011 Jan;2011:6777–80.
- Brown B, Parker CB, Stoner BR, Grill WM, Glass JT. Electrochemical charge storage properties of vertically aligned carbon nanotube films: the activation-enhanced length effect. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 2011;158:K217–24.
- Kennelly MJ, Bennett ME, Grill WM, Grill JH, Boggs JW. Electrical stimulation of the urethra evokes bladder contractions and emptying in spinal cord injury men: case studies. The journal of spinal cord medicine. 2011 Jan;34(3):315–21.
- McGee MJ, Yoo PB, Grill WM. Selective co-stimulation of pudendal afferents enhances reflex bladder activation. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual International Conference. 2011 Jan;2011:1057–60.
- Zhang TC, Grill WM. Modeling deep brain stimulation: point source approximation versus realistic representation of the electrode. Journal of neural engineering. 2010 Dec;7(6):066009.
- Zhang JY, Grill WM. Optimizing the geometry of deep brain stimulating electrodes. IFMBE Proceedings. 2010 Nov 8;32 IFMBE:389–92.
- Dorval AD, Kuncel AM, Birdno MJ, Turner DA, Grill WM. Deep brain stimulation alleviates parkinsonian bradykinesia by regularizing pallidal activity. J Neurophysiol. 2010 Aug;104(2):911–21.
- Wongsarnpigoon A, Grill WM. Energy-efficient waveform shapes for neural stimulation revealed with a genetic algorithm. Journal of neural engineering. 2010 Aug;7(4):046009.
- Wongsarnpigoon A, Woock JP, Grill WM. Efficiency analysis of waveform shape for electrical excitation of nerve fibers. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2010 Jun;18(3):319–28.
- Woock JP, Yoo PB, Grill WM. Finite element modeling and in vivo analysis of electrode configurations for selective stimulation of pudendal afferent fibers. BMC urology. 2010 May;10:11.
- Becker D, Gary DS, Rosenzweig ES, Grill WM, McDonald JW. Functional electrical stimulation helps replenish progenitor cells in the injured spinal cord of adult rats. Experimental neurology. 2010 Apr;222(2):211–8.
- Horvath EE, Yoo PB, Amundsen CL, Webster GD, Grill WM. Conditional and continuous electrical stimulation increase cystometric capacity in persons with spinal cord injury. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010 Mar;29(3):401–7.
- Kennelly MJ, Arena KC, Shaffer N, Bennett ME, Grill WM, Grill JH, et al. Electrical stimulation of the urethra evokes bladder contractions in a woman with spinal cord injury. The journal of spinal cord medicine. 2010 Jan;33(3):261–5.
- Grill WM. Neural interfaces. American Scientist. 2010 Jan 1;98(1):48–57.
- Grill WM. Neural Interfaces Communicating with the nervous system through implanted devices requires engineering solutions to biomedical problems. AMERICAN SCIENTIST. 2010 Jan 1;98(1):48–57.
- Grill WM. Electrical stimulation for control of bladder function. Conference proceedings : . Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference. 2009 Dec 1;2009:2369–70.
- Yoo PB, Horvath EE, Amundsen CL, Webster GD, Grill WM. Intraurethral activation of excitatory bladder reflexes in persons with spinal cord injury. Conference proceedings : . Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference. 2009 Dec 1;6781–4.
- Dorval AD, Panjwani N, Qi RY, Grill WM. Deep brain stimulation that abolishes Parkinsonian activity in basal ganglia improves thalamic relay fidelity in a computational circuit. Conference proceedings : . Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference. 2009 Dec 1;4230–3.
- Grill WM, Wei XF. High efficiency electrodes for deep brain stimulation. Conference proceedings : . Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference. 2009 Dec 1;3298–301.
- Wongsarnpigoon A, Grill WM. Genetic algorithm reveals energy-efficient waveforms for neural stimulation. Conference proceedings : . Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference. 2009 Dec 1;634–7.
- Zhang T, Grill WM. Effect of electrode geometry on deep brain stimulation: Monopolar point source vs. medtronic 3389 lead. IFMBE Proceedings. 2009 Nov 6;24:167–70.
- Lemay MA, Grasse D, Grill WM. Hindlimb endpoint forces predict movement direction evoked by intraspinal microstimulation in cats. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2009 Aug;17(4):379–89.
- Wei XF, Grill WM. Impedance characteristics of deep brain stimulation electrodes in vitro and in vivo. Journal of neural engineering. 2009 Aug;6(4):046008.
- Woock JP, Yoo PB, Grill WM. Intraurethral stimulation evokes bladder responses via 2 distinct reflex pathways. The Journal of urology. 2009 Jul;182(1):366–73.
- Cantrell MB, Grill WM, Klein SM. Computer-based finite element modeling of insulated Tuohy needles used in regional anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2009 Jun;110(6):1229–34.
- Mahnam A, Hashemi SMR, Grill WM. Measurement of the current-distance relationship using a novel refractory interaction technique. Journal of neural engineering. 2009 Jun;6(3):036005.
- Kuncel AM, Turner DA, Ozelius LJ, Greene PE, Grill WM, Stacy MA. Myoclonus and tremor response to thalamic deep brain stimulation parameters in a patient with inherited myoclonus-dystonia syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2009 Apr;111(3):303–6.
- Dorval AD, Panjwani N, Qi RY, Grill WM. Deep brain stimulation that abolishes Parkinsonian activity in basal ganglia improves thalamic relay fidelity in a computational circuit. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual International Conference. 2009 Jan;2009:4230–3.
- Grill WM, Wei XF. High efficiency electrodes for deep brain stimulation. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual International Conference. 2009 Jan;2009:3298–301.
- Grill WM, Wei XF. High efficiency electrodes for deep brain stimulation. Conference proceedings : . Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference. 2009;2009:3298–301.
- Wongsarnpigoon A, Grill WM. Genetic algorithm reveals energy-efficient waveforms for neural stimulation. Conference proceedings : . Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference. 2009;2009:634–7.
- Grill WM. Electrical stimulation for control of bladder function. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual International Conference. 2009 Jan;2009:2369–70.
- Yoo PB, Horvath EE, Amundsen CL, Webster GD, Grill WM. Intraurethral activation of excitatory bladder reflexes in persons with spinal cord injury. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2009;2009:6781–4.
- Wongsarnpigoon A, Grill WM. Genetic algorithm reveals energy-efficient waveforms for neural stimulation. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual International Conference. 2009 Jan;2009:634–7.
- Wei XF, Grill WM. Analysis of high-perimeter planar electrodes for efficient neural stimulation. Frontiers in neuroengineering. 2009 Jan;2:15.
- Grill WM, Norman SE, Bellamkonda RV. Implanted neural interfaces: biochallenges and engineered solutions. Annual review of biomedical engineering. 2009 Jan;11:1–24.
- Grill WM. Principles of Electric Field Generation for Stimulation of the Central Nervous System. 2009 Jan 1;1:145–55.
- Yoo PB, Woock JP, Grill WM. Somatic innervation of the feline lower urinary tract. Brain research. 2008 Dec;1246:80–7.
- Wongsarnpigoon A, Grill WM. Computational modeling of epidural cortical stimulation. Journal of neural engineering. 2008 Dec;5(4):443–54.
- Dorval AD, Russo GS, Hashimoto T, Xu W, Grill WM, Vitek JL. Deep brain stimulation reduces neuronal entropy in the MPTP-primate model of Parkinson's disease. Journal of neurophysiology. 2008 Nov;100(5):2807–18.
- Cooper SE, Kuncel AM, Wolgamuth BR, Rezai AR, Grill WM. A model predicting optimal parameters for deep brain stimulation in essential tremor. Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society. 2008 Oct;25(5):265–73.
- Kuncel AM, Cooper SE, Grill WM. A method to estimate the spatial extent of activation in thalamic deep brain stimulation. Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2008 Sep;119(9):2148–58.
- Mahnam A, Hashemi SMR, Grill WM. Computational evaluation of methods for measuring the spatial extent of neural activation. Journal of neuroscience methods. 2008 Aug;173(1):153–64.
- Yoo PB, Woock JP, Grill WM. Bladder activation by selective stimulation of pudendal nerve afferents in the cat. Experimental neurology. 2008 Jul;212(1):218–25.
- Peng CW, Chen JJJ, Cheng CL, Grill WM. Improved bladder emptying in urinary retention by electrical stimulation of pudendal afferents. Journal Of Neural Engineering. 2008 Jun;5(2):144–54.
- Woock JP, Yoo PB, Grill WM. Activation and inhibition of the micturition reflex by penile afferents in the cat. American journal of physiology Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology. 2008 Jun;294(6):R1880–9.
- Birdno MJ, Kuncel AM, Dorval AD, Turner DA, Grill WM. Tremor varies as a function of the temporal regularity of deep brain stimulation. Neuroreport. 2008 Mar 26;19(5):599–602.
- Bossetti CA, Birdno MJ, Grill WM. Analysis of the quasi-static approximation for calculating potentials generated by neural stimulation. Journal of neural engineering. 2008 Mar;5(1):44–53.
- Grill WM, Cantrell MB, Robertson MS. Antidromic propagation of action potentials in branched axons: implications for the mechanisms of action of deep brain stimulation. Journal of computational neuroscience. 2008 Feb;24(1):81–93.
- Kayagil TA, Grimes JP, Grill WM. Mechanisms underlying reversal of motor unit activation order in electrically evoked contractions after spinal cord injury. Muscle & nerve. 2008 Feb;37(2):210–8.
- Peng CW, Chen JJ, Cheng CL, Grill WM. Role of pudendal afferents in voiding efficiency in the rat. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative, and Comparative Physiology. 2008;294:660–72.
- Birdno MJ, Grill WM. Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation in movement disorders as revealed by changes in stimulus frequency. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics. 2008 Jan;5(1):14–25.
- Goldman HB, Amundsen CL, Mangel J, Grill J, Bennett M, Gustafson KJ, et al. Dorsal genital nerve stimulation for the treatment of overactive bladder symptoms. Neurourol Urodyn. 2008;27(6):499–503.
- Santaniello S, Fiengo G, Glielmo L, Grill WM. Basal ganglia modeling in healthy and Parkinson's disease state. I. isolated neurons activity. Proceedings of the American Control Conference. 2007 Dec 1;4089–94.
- Santaniello S, Fiengo G, Glielmo L, Grill WM. Basal ganglia modeling in healthy and Parkinson's disease state. II. network-based multi-units simulation. Proceedings of the American Control Conference. 2007 Dec 1;4095–100.
- Birdno MJ, Cooper SE, Rezai AR, Grill WM. Pulse-to-pulse changes in the frequency of deep brain stimulation affect tremor and modeled neuronal activity. Journal of neurophysiology. 2007 Sep;98(3):1675–84.
- Kuncel AM, Cooper SE, Wolgamuth BR, Grill WM. How does deep brain stimulation work? EXPERT REVIEW OF MEDICAL DEVICES. 2007 Jul 1;4(4):428–9.
- Kuncel AM, Cooper SE, Wolgamuth BR, Grill WM. Amplitude- and frequency-dependent changes in neuronal regularity parallel changes in tremor With thalamic deep brain stimulation. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2007 Jun;15(2):190–7.
- Grill WM, Dostrovsky JO, Turner DA. Guest editorial: Special theme on deep brain stimulation. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. 2007 Mar 1;15(1):153–4.
- Grill WM. NAKFI smart prosthetics: exploring assistive devices for the body and mind. Expert review of medical devices. 2007 Mar;4(2):107–8.
- Yoo PB, Klein SM, Grafstein NH, Horvath EE, Amundsen CL, Webster GD, et al. Pudendal nerve stimulation evokes reflex bladder contractions in persons with chronic spinal cord injury. Neurourol Urodyn. 2007;26(7):1020–3.
- Grill WM. Signal considerations for chronically implanted electrodes for brain interfacing. In: Indwelling Neural Implants: Strategies for Contending with the in Vivo Environment. 2007. p. 41–61.
- Lemay MA, Bhowmik-Stoker M, McConnell GC, Grill WM. Role of biomechanics and muscle activation strategy in the production of endpoint force patterns in the cat hindlimb. Journal of biomechanics. 2007 Jan;40(16):3679–87.
- Keohan F, Wei XF, Wongsarnpigoon A, Lazaro E, Darga JE, Grill WM. Fabrication and evaluation of conductive elastomer electrodes for neural stimulation. Journal of biomaterials science Polymer edition. 2007 Jan;18(8):1057–73.
- Santaniello S, Fiengo G, Glielmo L, Grill WM. Basal ganglia modeling in healthy and Parkinson's disease state. II. Network-based multi-units simulation. In: 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13. IEEE; 2007. p. 3627-+.
- Santaniello S, Fiengo G, Glielmo L, Grill WM. Basal ganglia modeling in healthy and Parkinson's disease state. I. Isolated neurons activity. In: 2007 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-13. IEEE; 2007. p. 3621-+.
- Yoo PB, Grill WM. Minimally-invasive electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve: a pre-clinical study for neural control of the lower urinary tract. Neurourology and urodynamics. 2007 Jan;26(4):562–9.
- Nabutovsky Y, Florio J, Morgan K, Grill WM, Farazi TG. Lead design and initial applications of a new lead for long-term endovascular vagal stimulation. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE. 2007 Jan;30 Suppl 1:S215–8.
- Kuncel AM, Cooper SE, Wolgamuth BR, Clyde MA, Snyder SA, Montgomery EB, et al. Clinical response to varying the stimulus parameters in deep brain stimulation for essential tremor. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2006 Nov;21(11):1920–8.
- Boggs JW, Wenzel BJ, Gustafson KJ, Grill WM. Frequency-dependent selection of reflexes by pudendal afferents in the cat. The Journal of physiology. 2006 Nov;577(Pt 1):115–26.
- Kuncel AM, Grill WM. NIH Neural Interfaces Workshop: August 21-23, 2006, Bethesda, MD, USA. Expert review of medical devices. 2006 Nov;3(6):695–7.
- Gustafson KJ, Moffitt MA, Wang X, Sun J, Snyder S, Grill WM. Topography of spinal neurons active during hindlimb withdrawal reflexes in the decerebrate cat. Neuroscience. 2006 Sep;141(4):1983–94.
- Wenzel BJ, Boggs JW, Gustafson KJ, Grill WM. Closed loop electrical control of urinary continence. The Journal of urology. 2006 Apr;175(4):1559–63.
- Boggs JW, Wenzel BJ, Gustafson KJ, Grill WM. Bladder emptying by intermittent electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve. Journal of neural engineering. 2006 Mar;3(1):43–51.
- Schiefer MA, Grill WM. Sites of neuronal excitation by epiretinal electrical stimulation. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2006 Mar;14(1):5–13.
- Wenzel BJ, Boggs JW, Gustafson KJ, Creasey GH, Grill WM. Detection of neurogenic detrusor contractions from the activity of the external anal sphincter in cat and human. Neurourology and urodynamics. 2006 Jan;25(2):140–7.
- Grill WM, Robertson MW. Antidromic action potential propagation in branched axons. 2nd International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering. 2005 Dec 1;2005:183–5.
- Wenzel BJ, Grill WM, Boggs JW, Gustafson KJ. Event-triggered electrical control of urinary continence. 2nd International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering. 2005 Dec 1;2005:687–9.
- Gustafson KJ, Zelkovic PF, Feng AH, Draper CE, Bodner DR, Grill WM. Fascicular anatomy and surgical access of the human pudendal nerve. World journal of urology. 2005 Dec;23(6):411–8.
- Wei XF, Grill WM. Current density distributions, field distributions and impedance analysis of segmented deep brain stimulation electrodes. Journal of neural engineering. 2005 Dec;2(4):139–47.
- Wenzel BJ, Boggs JW, Gustafson KJ, Grill WM. Detecting the onset of hyper-reflexive bladder contractions from the electrical activity of the pudendal nerve. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2005 Sep;13(3):428–35.
- Grill WM. Safety considerations for deep brain stimulation: review and analysis. Expert review of medical devices. 2005 Jul;2(4):409–20.
- Boggs JW, Wenzel BJ, Gustafson KJ, Grill WM. Spinal micturition reflex mediated by afferents in the deep perineal nerve. Journal of neurophysiology. 2005 May;93(5):2688–97.
- Moffitt MA, Dale BM, Duerk JL, Grill WM. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the human lumbar spinal cord. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI. 2005 May;21(5):527–35.
- Lee DC, Grill WM. Polarization of a spherical cell in a nonuniform extracellular electric field. Annals of biomedical engineering. 2005 May;33(5):603–15.
- Grill WM, Simmons AM, Cooper SE, Miocinovic S, Montgomery EB, Baker KB, et al. Temporal excitation properties of paresthesias evoked by thalamic microstimulation. Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2005 May;116(5):1227–34.
- Cooper SE, Kuncel AM, Henderson J, Rezai AR, Montgomery EB, Grill WM. Predicting optimal stimulation parameters for DBS of the thalamus in essential tremor. In: NEUROLOGY. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS; 2005. p. A254–A254.
- Lee DC, Jensen AL, Schiefer MA, Morgan CW, Grill WM. Structural mechanisms to produce differential dendritic gains. Brain research. 2005 Feb;1033(2):117–27.
- Swift MJ, Crago PE, Grill WM. Applied electric fields accelerate the diffusion rate and increase the diffusion distance of DiI in fixed tissue. Journal of neuroscience methods. 2005 Jan;141(1):155–63.
- Moffitt MA, Grill WM. Electrical localization of neural activity in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord: a modeling study. Annals of biomedical engineering. 2004 Dec;32(12):1694–709.
- Kuncel AM, Grill WM. Selection of stimulus parameters for deep brain stimulation. Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2004 Nov;115(11):2431–41.
- Grill WM, Snyder AN, Miocinovic S. Deep brain stimulation creates an informational lesion of the stimulated nucleus. Neuroreport. 2004 May;15(7):1137–40.
- Gustafson KJ, Creasey GH, Grill WM. A urethral afferent mediated excitatory bladder reflex exists in humans. Neuroscience letters. 2004 Apr;360(1–2):9–12.
- McIntyre CC, Grill WM, Sherman DL, Thakor NV. Cellular effects of deep brain stimulation: model-based analysis of activation and inhibition. Journal of neurophysiology. 2004 Apr;91(4):1457–69.
- Moffitt MA, McIntyre CC, Grill WM. Prediction of myelinated nerve fiber stimulation thresholds: limitations of linear models. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 2004 Feb;51(2):229–36.
- Miocinovic S, Grill WM. Sensitivity of temporal excitation properties to the neuronal element activated by extracellular stimulation. Journal of neuroscience methods. 2004 Jan;132(1):91–9.
- Wenzel BJ, Grill WM, Boggs JW, Gustafson KJ. Detecting the onset of hyper-reflexive bladder contractions from pudendal nerve electrical activity. Conference proceedings : . Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference. 2004 Jan;2004:4213–6.
- Cooper SE, Kuncel AM, Henderson J, Rezai A, Montgomery EB, Grill WM. Stimulation parameters' relationship to stimulation effect in deep brain stimulation of the thalamus. In: MOVEMENT DISORDERS. WILEY-LISS; 2004. p. S309–S309.
- Lemay MA, Grill WM. Modularity of motor output evoked by intraspinal microstimulation in cats. Journal of neurophysiology. 2004 Jan;91(1):502–14.
- Wenzel BJ, Grill WM, Boggs JW, Gustafson KJ. Using External Anal Sphincter Activity to Detect the Onset of Hyper-Reflexive Bladder Contractions. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 2003 Dec 1;2:1579–82.
- Boggs JW, Grill WM, Wenzel BJ, Gustafson KJ. Stimulation of the Deep Perineal Nerve Elicits Bladder Contractions. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 2003 Dec 1;3:2031–4.
- Bhowmik M, Boyce V, McConnell G, Joyce DM, Grill WM, Lemay MA. Experimental and biomechanical model force fields produced by intraspinal microstimulation of the cat lumbar spinal cord. Bioengineering, Proceedings of the Northeast Conference. 2003 Aug 22;37–8.
- Gustafson KJ, Creasey GH, Grill WM. A catheter based method to activate urethral sensory nerve fibers. The Journal of urology. 2003 Jul;170(1):126–9.
- Gustafson KJ, Creasey GH, Grill WM. An excitatory urethra-to-bladder reflex in humans. In: JOURNAL OF UROLOGY. LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS; 2003. p. 373–373.
- Bhowmik M, Boyce V, McConnell G, Joyce DM, Grill WM, Lemay MA. Experimental and biomechanical model force fields produced by intraspinal microstimulation of the cat lumbar spinal cord. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, NEBEC. 2003. p. 37–8.
- Grill WM, Gustafson KJ, Creasey GH. Control of bladder function by electrical activation of spinal neural circuits. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 2002 Dec 1;3:2043–4.
- Moffitt MA, Grill WM. Source localization in the spinal cord: A modeling study. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 2002 Dec 1;3:1977–8.
- Lee DC, Grill WM. Polarization of a spherical cell in a non-uniform electric field: Transient response and comparison with polarization in a uniform field. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 2002 Dec 1;3:1980–1.
- Gustafson KJ, Boggs JW, Wenzel BJ, Grill WM. Generation of bladder contractions via electrical stimulation of urethral afferent nerves and intra-urethral stimulation. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 2002 Dec 1;3:2084–5.
- McIntyre CC, Grill WM, Sherman DL, Thakor NV. Model-based analysis of deep brain stimulation of the thalamus. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 2002 Dec 1;3:2047–8.
- McIntyre CC, Grill WM. Extracellular stimulation of central neurons: influence of stimulus waveform and frequency on neuronal output. Journal of neurophysiology. 2002 Oct;88(4):1592–604.
- Jezernik S, Craggs M, Grill WM, Creasey G, Rijkhoff NJM. Electrical stimulation for the treatment of bladder dysfunction: current status and future possibilities. Neurological research. 2002 Jul;24(5):413–30.
- Mino H, Grill WM. Effects of stochastic sodium channels on extracellular excitation of myelinated nerve fibers. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 2002 Jun;49(6):527–32.
- Humbert SD, Snyder SA, Grill WM. Evaluation of command algorithms for control of upper-extremity neural prostheses. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 2002 Jun;10(2):94–101.
- McIntyre CC, Richardson AG, Grill WM. Modeling the excitability of mammalian nerve fibers: influence of afterpotentials on the recovery cycle. Journal of neurophysiology. 2002 Feb;87(2):995–1006.
- Lemay MA, McConnell GC, Kao T, Joyce DM, Grill WM. Endpoint forces obtained during intraspinal microstimulation of the cat lumbar spinal cord - Experimental and biomechanical model results. Proceedings of the IEEE Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, NEBEC. 2002 Jan 1;113–4.
- Lee DC, McIntyre CC, Grill WM. Extracellular electrical stimulation of central neurons: Quantitative studies. In: Handbook of Neuroprosthetic Methods. 2002. p. 95–125.
- McIntyre CC, Grill WM. Model-based design of stimulus trains for selective microstimulation of targeted neuronal populations. Annual Reports of the Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University. 2001 Dec 1;1:806–9.
- Grill WM. Neural modeling in neuromuscular and rehabilitation research. Annual Reports of the Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University. 2001 Dec 1;4:4065–8.
- Grill WM, Craggs MD, Foreman RD, Ludlow CL, Buller JL. Emerging clinical applications of electrical stimulation: opportunities for restoration of function. Journal of rehabilitation research and development. 2001 Nov;38(6):641–53.
- Grill WM, McIntyre CC. Extracellular excitation of central neurons: Implications for the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation. Thalamus and Related Systems. 2001 Nov 1;1(3):269–77.
- Grill WM, McDonald JW, Peckham PH, Heetderks W, Kocsis J, Weinrich M. At the interface: convergence of neural regeneration and neural prostheses for restoration of function. Journal of rehabilitation research and development. 2001 Nov;38(6):633–9.
- Jezernik S, Grill WM, Sinkjaer T. Neural network classification of nerve activity recorded in a mixed nerve. Neurological research. 2001 Jul;23(5):429–34.
- Jezernik S, Grill WM. Optimal filtering of whole nerve signals. Journal of neuroscience methods. 2001 Mar;106(1):101–10.
- McIntyre CC, Grill WM. Finite element analysis of the current-density and electric field generated by metal microelectrodes. Annals of biomedical engineering. 2001 Mar;29(3):227–35.
- Grill WM. Functional electrical stimulation for control of internal organ function: Commentary. Neuromodulation. 2001 Jan 1;4(4):161–2.
- Jezernik S, Grill WM, Sinkjaer T. Detection and inhibition of hyperreflexia-like bladder contractions in the cat by sacral nerve root recording and electrical stimulation. Neurourology and urodynamics. 2001 Jan;20(2):215–30.
- Lemay MA, Grill WM. Endpoint force patterns evoked by intraspinal stimulation - Ipsilateral and contralateral responses. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 2000 Dec 1;2:918–20.
- Grill W, McIntyre C. What neural elements are excited by extracellular stimulation in the central nervous system? Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2000 Dec 1;28(SUPPL. 1).
- Moffitt M, Grill W. Effect of source location and tissue properties on surface potentials in a cylindrical volume conductor model. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2000 Dec 1;28(SUPPL. 1).
- McIntyre CC, Grill WM. Current density and electric field analysis of microelectrodes using finite element modeling. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 2000 Dec 1;3:2010–1.
- Mino H, Grill WM. Modeling of mammalian myelinated nerve with stochastic sodium ionic channels. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 2000 Dec 1;2:915–7.
- Richardson AG, McIntyre CC, Grill WM. Modelling the effects of electric fields on nerve fibres: influence of the myelin sheath. Medical & biological engineering & computing. 2000 Jul;38(4):438–46.
- Grill WM. Electrical activation of spinal neural circuits: application to motor-system neural prostheses. Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society. 2000 Apr;3(2):97–106.
- McIntyre CC, Grill WM. Selective microstimulation of central nervous system neurons. Annals of biomedical engineering. 2000 Mar;28(3):219–33.
- Grill WM, Richardson AG, McIntyre CC. Influence of the myelin sheath on excitation properties of nerve fibers. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 2000 Jan 1;3:1605–7.
- Grill WM, Mortimer JT. Neural and connective tissue response to long-term implantation of multiple contact nerve cuff electrodes. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. 2000;50(2):215–26.
- Humbert SD, Grill WM. Performance evaluation of command control algorithms for upper-extremity neuroprostheses. ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY. 2000 Jan 1;12(2):154–154.
- Grill WM, Kirsch RF. Neuroprosthetic applications of electrical stimulation. Assistive technology : the official journal of RESNA. 2000 Jan;12(1):6–20.
- Giszter SF, Grill WM, Lemay MA, Mushahwar VK, Prochazka A. Intraspinal microstimulation: Techniques, perspectives and prospects for FES. In: Neural Prostheses for Restoration of Sensory and Motor Function. 2000. p. 101–38.
- McIntyre CC, Grill WM. Model-based design of stimulus waveforms for selective microstimulation in the central nervous system. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1999 Dec 1;1:384.
- Lemay MA, Grill WM. Endpoint forces evoked by microstimulation of the cat spinal cord. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1999 Dec 1;1:481.
- Barbeau H, McCrea DA, O’Donovan MJ, Rossignol S, Grill WM, Lemay MA. Tapping into spinal circuits to restore motor function. Brain research Brain research reviews. 1999 Jul;30(1):27–51.
- Grill WM, Bhadra N, Wang B. Bladder and urethral pressures evoked by microstimulation of the sacral spinal cord in cats. Brain research. 1999 Jul;836(1–2):19–30.
- Grill WM, Erokwu BO, Hadziefendic S, Haxhiu MA. Extended survival time following pseudorabies virus injection labels the suprapontine neural network controlling the bladder and urethra in the rat. Neuroscience letters. 1999 Jul;270(2):63–6.
- McIntyre CC, Grill WM. Excitation of central nervous system neurons by nonuniform electric fields. Biophysical journal. 1999 Feb;76(2):878–88.
- Wang B, Bhadra N, Grill WM. Functional anatomy of the male feline urethra: morphological and physiological correlations. The Journal of urology. 1999 Feb;161(2):654–9.
- Jr WMG. Modeling the effects of electric fields on nerve fibers: Influence of tissue electrical properties. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 1999;46(8):918–28.
- Grill WM, Mortimer JT. Stability of the input-output properties of chronically implanted multiple contact nerve cuff stimulating electrodes. IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 1998 Dec;6(4):364–73.
- McIntyre CC, Grill WM. Sensitivity analysis of a model of mammalian neural membrane. Biological cybernetics. 1998 Jul;79(1):29–37.
- Grill WM, Wang B, Hadziefendic S, Haxhiu MA. Identification of the spinal neural network involved in coordination of micturition in the male cat. Brain research. 1998 Jun;796(1–2):150–60.
- Grill WM, Wang B. Mapping knee torques evoked by intraspinal microstimulation. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1997 Dec 1;5:1950–1.
- McIntyre CC, Grill WM. Microstimulation of spinal motoneurons: a model study. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1997 Dec 1;5:2032–4.
- Grill WM, Van Doren CL. Detection of object contact during grasp using nail-mounted strain sensors. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1997 Dec 1;5:1952–3.
- Grill WM, Mortimer JT. Inversion of the current-distance relationship by transient depolarization. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1997 Jan;44(1):1–9.
- Grill WM. Effects of tissue electrical properties on neural excitation. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1996 Dec 1;(1):349–50.
- Grill WM, Mortimer JT. Quantification of recruitment properties of multiple contact cuff electrodes. IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 1996 Jun;4(2):49–62.
- Grill WM, Mortimer JT. Non-invasive measurement of the input-output properties of peripheral nerve stimulating electrodes. Journal of neuroscience methods. 1996 Mar;65(1):43–50.
- Grill WM, Mortimer JT. The effect of stimulus pulse duration on selectivity of neural stimulation. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1996 Feb;43(2):161–6.
- Tarler M, Grill WM, Mortimer JT. Comparison between monopolar and tripolar configurations in chronically implanted nerve cuff electrodes. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1995 Dec 1;17(2):1093–4.
- Grill WM, Mortimer JT. Temporal stability of nerve cuff electrode recruitment properties. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1995 Dec 1;17(2):1089–90.
- Grill WM, Mortimer JT. Stimulus Waveforms for Selective Neural Stimulation. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine. 1995 Jan 1;14(4):375–85.
- Grill WM, Mortimer JT. Effect of stimulus pulsewidth on spatial selectivity of neural stimulation. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1994 Dec 1;16(pt 1):363–4.
- Grill WM, Mortimer JT. Electrical properties of implant encapsulation tissue. Annals of biomedical engineering. 1994 Jan;22(1):23–33.
- Grill WM, Mortimer JT. Functional control of joint torque with a cuff electrode. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology. 1993 Dec 1;15(pt 3):1328–9.
- Grill WM, Mortimer JT. Selective activation of distant nerve fibers. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology. 1993 Dec 1;15(pt 3):1249–50.
- Veraart C, Grill WM, Mortimer JT. Selective control of muscle activation with a multipolar nerve cuff electrode. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1993 Jul;40(7):640–53.
- Warman EN, Grill WM, Durand D. Modeling the effects of electric fields on nerve fibers: determination of excitation thresholds. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1992 Dec;39(12):1244–54.
- Grill WM, Durand D, Warman EN. A new method to predict neural excitation thresholds for applied electric fields. In: Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS. 1992. p. 1384–5.
- Grill WM, Mortimer JT. Electrical impedance of electrode encapsulation tissue. In: Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS. 1992. p. 1376–7.
- Warman EN, Grill WM, Durand D, Mortimer JT. A new formulation of the activating function for estimation of neural excitation thresholds. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology. 1991 Dec 1;13(pt 2):916–7.
- Grill WM, Veraart C, Mortimer JT. Selective activation of peripheral nerve fascicles: Use of field steering currents. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology. 1991 Dec 1;13(pt 2):904–5.
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