Roger C. Barr

Research Themes

Bioelectric Engineering, Computational Modeling of Biological Systems, Neural Engineering

Education

• B.S. Duke University, 1964
• Ph.D. Duke University, 1968

Positions

• Professor Emeritus of Biomedical Engineering
• Faculty Network Member of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences
• Bass Fellow

Awards, Honors, and Distinctions

• Klein Family Distinguished Teaching Award. Pratt School of Engineering. 2013
• Fellow. Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 1996
• Fellow. American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE). 1994

Courses Taught

• BME 890: Advanced topics for PhD students
• BME 671L: Signal Processing and Applied Mathematics
• BME 510: Bayesian Analysis in Biomedical Engineering (GE, EL)

Publications

• Levin A, Jarmakani MM, Spach MS, Canent RV, Capp MP, Boineau JP, et al. VENTRICULAR INTRACARDIAC SHUNTING MECHANISMS IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE. In: Pathophysiology of Congenital Heart Disease: Ucla Forum in Medical Sciences Number 10. 2023. p. 247–64.
• Fricks RB, Tseng H, Veihl M, Trivedi KS, Barr RC. Robust Prediction Of Treatment Times In Concurrent Patient Care. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual International Conference. 2018 Jul;2018:5370–3.
• Barr RC. Design of an Interactive Simulation Environment for Arrays of Cardiac Cells. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual International Conference. 2018 Jul;2018:5466–9.
• White JA, Dorval AD, Geddes LA, Barr RC, Slaten BK, Barnes F, et al. Bioelectricity. In: Sensors, Nanoscience, Biomedical Engineering, and Instruments. 2016.
• Waits CMK, Barr RC, Pollard AE. Sensor spacing affects the tissue impedance spectra of rabbit ventricular epicardium. American journal of physiology Heart and circulatory physiology. 2014 Jun;306(12):H1660–8.
• Pollard AE, Barr RC. A structural framework for interpretation of four-electrode microimpedance spectra in cardiac tissue. In: Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual International Conference. 2014. p. 6467–70.
• Barr RC. Bioelectricity-AQA, one of the first MOOC courses in engineering. In: Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual International Conference. 2014. p. 1805–8.
• Barr RC. Basic Electrophysiology. In: Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals. 2014. p. 38-1-38–21.
• Barr RC. Bioelectric Phenomena. 2014.
• Pollard AE, Barr RC. A new approach for resolution of complex tissue impedance spectra in hearts. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 2013 Sep;60(9):2494–503.
• Pollard AE, Barr RC. A biophysical model for cardiac microimpedance measurements. American journal of physiology Heart and circulatory physiology. 2010 Jun;298(6):H1699–709.
• Barr RC, Nolte LW, Pollard AE. Bayesian quantitative electrophysiology and its multiple applications in bioengineering. IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering. 2010 Jan;3:155–68.
• Pollard AE, Barr RC. A biophysical model for cardiac microimpedance (Submitted). American Journal of Physiology, Heart. 2009 May 1;
• Barr RC, Nolte LW, Pollard AE. Bayesian analysis of fiber impedance measurements. Conference proceedings : . Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference. 2007 Dec 1;423–9.
• Plonsey R, Barr RC. Bioelectricity: A quantitative approach. Bioelectricity: A Quantitative Approach. 2007 Dec 1;1–528.
• Spach MS, Barr RC. To the Editor-Response. Heart Rhythm. 2007 Jul 1;4(7):989–90.
• Mossop BJ, Barr RC, Henshaw JW, Yuan F. Electric fields around and within single cells during electroporation-a model study. Annals of biomedical engineering. 2007 Jul;35(7):1264–75.
• Johnson CR, Barr RC, Klein SM. A computer model of electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves in regional anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2007 Feb;106(2):323–30.
• Spach MS, Heidlage JF, Dolber PC, Barr RC. Mechanism of origin of conduction disturbances in aging human atrial bundles: experimental and model study. Heart Rhythm. 2007 Feb;4(2):175–85.
• Barr RC, Nolte LW, Pollard AE. Bayesian analysis of fiber impedance measurements. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual International Conference. 2007 Jan;2007:423–9.
• Barr RC, Nolte LW, Pollard AE. Bayesian analysis of fiber impedance measurements. Conference proceedings : . Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference. 2007;2007:423–9.
• Mossop BJ, Barr RC, Henshaw JW, Zaharoff DA, Yuan F. Electric fields in tumors exposed to external voltage sources: implication for electric field-mediated drug and gene delivery. Annals of biomedical engineering. 2006 Oct;34(10):1564–72.
• Pollard AE, Barr RC. Cardiac microimpedance measurement in two-dimensional models using multisite interstitial stimulation. American journal of physiology Heart and circulatory physiology. 2006 May;290(5):H1976–87.
• Pollard AE, Barr RC. Multisite interstitial stimulation for cardiac micro-impedance measurements. Conference proceedings : . Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference. 2006 Jan;2006:1572–5.
• Pollard AE, Barr RC. Multisite interstitial stimulation for cardiac micro-impedance measurements. Conference proceedings : . Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference. 2006;1572–5.
• Adamson PB, Barr RC, Callans DJ, Chen P-S, Lathrop DA, Makielski JC, et al. The perplexing complexity of cardiac arrhythmias: beyond electrical remodeling. Heart rhythm. 2005 Jun;2(6):650–9.
• Pollard AE, Smith WM, Barr RC. Feasibility of cardiac microimpedance measurement using multisite interstitial stimulation. American journal of physiology Heart and circulatory physiology. 2004 Dec;287(6):H2402–11.
• Barr R. The state of the society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine. 2004 Nov 1;23(6):6–7.
• Spach MS, Heidlage JF, Barr RC, Dolber PC. Cell size and communication: role in structural and electrical development and remodeling of the heart. Heart Rhythm. 2004 Oct;1(4):500–15.
• Barr R. The Disney story. IEEE engineering in medicine and biology magazine : the quarterly magazine of the Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society. 2004 Sep;23(5):6–7.
• Mossop BJ, Barr RC, Zaharoff DA, Yuan F. Electric fields within cells as a function of membrane resistivity--a model study. IEEE transactions on nanobioscience. 2004 Sep;3(3):225–31.
• Barr R. Rich before old? IEEE engineering in medicine and biology magazine : the quarterly magazine of the Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society. 2004 Jul;23(4):5–6.
• Barr R. The attention economy and the EMBS. IEEE engineering in medicine and biology magazine : the quarterly magazine of the Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society. 2004 May;23(3):5–6.
• Barr R. EMBS international. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine. 2004 Mar 1;23(2):6.
• Barr RC, Plonsey R. Field stimulation of 2-D sheets of excitable tissue. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 2004 Mar;51(3):539–40.
• Barr RC, Johnson CR. A Possible EMB Award Recognizing Excellent Research by Graduate Students Published in EMB Journals. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 2003 Dec 1;4:3474.
• Barr RC, Plonsey R. Design of Electrode Systems for Measuring Cardiac Micro-Impedances Using Optical Sensors. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 2003 Dec 1;4:3756–9.
• Johnson CR, Barr RC. Interactions between extracellular stimuli and excitation waves in an atrial reentrant loop. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology. 2003 Oct;14(10):1064–74.
• Barr RC, Plonsey R. Electrode systems for measuring cardiac impedances using optical transmembrane potential sensors and interstitial electrodes--theoretical design. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 2003 Aug;50(8):925–34.
• Barr RC, Plonsey R, Johnson CR. Membrane current from transmembrane potentials in complex core-conductor models. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng (USA). 2003;50(4):405–11.
• Zaharoff DA, Barr RC, Li C-Y, Yuan F. Electromobility of plasmid DNA in tumor tissues during electric field-mediated gene delivery. Gene Ther. 2002 Oct;9(19):1286–90.
• Johnson CR, Barr RC. Termination of reentrant propagation by a single extracellular stimulus in an atrial ring model. Annual Reports of the Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University. 2001 Dec 1;1:398–401.
• Smith WM, Barr RC. The forward and inverse problems: what are they, why are they important, and where do we stand? Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology. 2001 Feb;12(2):253–5.
• Spach MS, Heidlage JF, Dolber PC, Barr RC. Changes in anisotropic conduction caused by remodeling cell size and the cellular distribution of gap junctions and Na(+) channels. J Electrocardiol. 2001;34 Suppl:69–76.
• Zaharoff D, Barr R, Li CY, Yuan F. Mobility of plasmid DNA subject to pulsed electric fields. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2000 Dec 1;28(SUPPL. 1).
• Spach MS, Heidlage JF, Dolber PC, Barr RC. Electrophysiological effects of remodeling cardiac gap junctions and cell size: experimental and model studies of normal cardiac growth. Circulation research. 2000 Feb;86(3):302–11.
• Spach MS, Heidlage JF, Dolber PC, Barr RC. Extracellular discontinuities in cardiac muscle: evidence for capillary effects on the action potential foot. Circulation research. 1998 Nov;83(11):1144–64.
• Plonsey R, Barr RC. Electric field stimulation of excitable tissue. IEEE engineering in medicine and biology magazine : the quarterly magazine of the Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society. 1998 Sep;17(5):130–7.
• Barr RC, Plonsey R. Subthreshold electric field stimulation of excitable tissue. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1997 Dec 1;6:2596–600.
• Plonsey R, Barr RC. Electric field stimulation of cardiac tissue. Med Biol Eng Comput (UK). 1996;34:25–8.
• Ideker RE, Barr RC. Special Issue on Electrical Therapy of Cardiac Arrhythmias. Proceedings of the IEEE. 1996 Jan 1;84(3):331.
• Barr RC, Plonsey R. Threshold estimation with field stimulation [transmembrane potentials]. Med Biol Eng Comput (UK). 1996;34:21–4.
• Barr RC, Plonsey R. Threshold variability in fibers with field stimulation of excitable membranes. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1995 Dec;42(12):1185–91.
• Papazoglou AA, Barr RC. Sustained reentrant propagation in loops of decoupled cardiac cells. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1995 Dec 1;17(1):23–4.
• Barr RC, Plonsey R. Repolarizing stimuli followed by calcium transmembrane currents. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1995 Dec 1;17(1):15–6.
• Plonsey R, Barr RC. Electric field stimulation of excitable tissue. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1995 Apr;42(4):329–36.
• Papazoglou AA, Barr RC. Model of sustained propagation in a 20-cell ring of Purkinje tissue. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1994 Dec 1;16(pt 2):1185.
• Ihara T, Barr RC. Electrocardiographic inverse solution for ectopic origin of excitation in two-dimensional propagation model. Medical & biological engineering & computing. 1994 Jul;32(4 Suppl):S41–50.
• Papazoglou AA, Barr RC. Faster simulations of action potential propagation using the newton method. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology. 1993 Dec 1;15(pt 2):750–1.
• Cabo C, Barr RC. Unidirectional block in a computer model of partially coupled segments of cardiac Purkinje tissue. Annals of biomedical engineering. 1993 Nov;21(6):633–44.
• Cabo C, Barr RC. Reflection after delayed excitation in a computer model of a single fiber. Circulation research. 1992 Aug;71(2):260–70.
• Barr RC, Plonsey R. Electrophysiological interaction through the interstitial space between adjacent unmyelinated parallel fibers. Biophysical journal. 1992 May;61(5):1164–75.
• Cabo C, Barr RC. Propagation model using the DiFrancesco-Noble equations. Comparison to reported experimental results. Medical & biological engineering & computing. 1992 May;30(3):292–302.
• Cabo C, Papazoglou AA, Barr RC. Implementation, performance and characterization of the DiFrancesco-Noble model. In: Proceedings - Computers in Cardiology, CIC 1992. 1992. p. 595–8.
• Plonsey R, Barr RC. A possible subcellular structure based on the macroscopic cardiac source. Journal of electrocardiology. 1992 Jan;25 Suppl:80–6.
• Barr RC, Plonsey R. Propagation under the influence of interstitial potentials. In: Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS. 1992. p. 598–9.
• Dabasinskas AJ, Barr RC. Distinguishing ectopic sites in the canine heart by means of body surface waveforms. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology. 1991 Dec 1;13(pt 2):709–10.
• Cabo C, Barr RC. Refractory period in the DiFrancesco-Noble model for Purkinje fibers. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology. 1991 Dec 1;13(pt 2):523–4.
• Pollard AE, Barr RC. Computer simulations of activation in an anatomically based model of the human ventricular conduction system. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1991 Oct;38(10):982–96.
• Plonsey R, Barr RC, Witkowski FX. One-dimensional model of cardiac defibrillation. Medical & biological engineering & computing. 1991 Sep;29(5):465–9.
• Roy SC, Krakow WT, Sacks B, Batchelor WE, Bohs LN, Barr RC. The design and verification of a VLSI chip for electrocardiogram data compression. 1990 Dec 1;170–7.
• Krakow WT, Sacks B, Roy SC, Batchelor WE, Bohs LN, Barr RC. Simulation and vertification of a chip architecture for electrocardiogram data compression. Modeling and Simulation, Proceedings of the Annual Pittsburgh Conference. 1990 Dec 1;21(pt 4):1677–81.
• Ihara T, Barr RC. Inverse solutions of ECG using propagation model: A 2-D cross-sectional model. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology. 1990 Dec 1;(pt 2):630–1.
• Pollard AE, Barr RC. The construction of an anatomically based model of the human ventricular conduction system. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1990 Dec;37(12):1173–85.
• Ihara T, Barr RC. Transmembrane current model in a stylized form. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1989 Dec 1;11 pt 4:1263.
• Pollard AE, Barr RC. Computer simulations of excitation in an anatomically based model of the human ventricular conduction system. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1989 Nov 1;11 pt 1:179–80.
• Bohs LN, Barr RC, Sacks B, Krakow WT. VLSI design for fan adaptive sampling. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1989 Nov 1;11 pt 1:18.
• Bohs LN, Barr RC. Prototype for real-time adaptive sampling using the fan algorithm. Medical & biological engineering & computing. 1988 Nov;26(6):574–83.
• Bohs LN, Barr RC. Adaptive sampling using adaptive tolerance for mixed rate transmission. IEEE/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference. 1988 Nov 1;10(pt 1):20.
• Pollard AE, Barr RC. Automated construction of simulation models for a study of the electrical activity in the ventricular conduction system. IEEE/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference. 1988 Nov 1;10(pt 1):191–2.
• Bohs LN, Barr RC. Real-time adaptive sampling with the fan algorithm. Medical & biological engineering & computing. 1988 Nov;26(6):565–73.
• Barr RC. Adaptive sampling of cardiac waveforms. Journal of electrocardiology. 1988 Jan;21 Suppl:S57–60.
• Barr RC, DiPersio DA. INVERSE PROBLEMS BASED ON MEMBRANE PROPAGATION MODELS. IEEE/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference. 1987 Dec 1;559–60.
• Bohs LN, Barr RC. REAL-TIME ADAPTIVE SAMPLING WITH THE FAN METHOD. IEEE/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference. 1987 Dec 1;1850–1.
• DiPersio DA, Barr RC. A prototype inverse solution in one-dimension to find the origin of excitation, strand radius, intracellular resistivity, or distance from the surface. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1987 Sep;34(9):681–91.
• Plonsey R, Barr RC. Mathematical modeling of electrical activity of the heart. Journal of electrocardiology. 1987 Jul;20(3):219–26.
• Pollard AE, Barr RC. Adaptive sampling of intracellular and extracellular cardiac potentials with the fan method. Medical & biological engineering & computing. 1987 May;25(3):261–8.
• Plonsey R, Barr RC. Interstitial potentials and their change with depth into cardiac tissue. Biophysical journal. 1987 Apr;51(4):547–55.
• Spach MS, Barr RC. Body surface mapping for arrhythmias: Discussion. Circulation. 1987;75(4 II SUPPL.):III-84-III–85.
• Spach MS, Barr RC. Body surface mapping for arrhythmias: Discussion. Circulation. 1987 Jan 1;75(4 II SUPPL.).
• Plonsey R, Barr RC. Inclusion of junction elements in a linear cardiac model through secondary sources: application to defibrillation. Medical & biological engineering & computing. 1986 Mar;24(2):137–44.
• Plonsey R, Barr RC. Effect of microscopic and macroscopic discontinuities on the response of cardiac tissue to defibrillating (stimulating) currents. Medical & biological engineering & computing. 1986 Mar;24(2):130–6.
• Plonsey R, Barr RC. A critique of impedance measurements in cardiac tissue. Annals of biomedical engineering. 1986 Jan;14(4):307–22.
• DiPersio DA, Barr RC. INVERSE SOLUTION IN ONE DIMENSION USING A MEMBRANE MODEL. 1986 Jan 1;225–8.
• Plonsey R, Barr RC. IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS IN CARDIAC TISSUE. Bioengineering, Proceedings of the Northeast Conference. 1985 Dec 1;41–4.
• DiPersio DA, Barr RC. Evaluation of the fan method of adaptive sampling on human electrocardiograms. Medical & biological engineering & computing. 1985 Sep;23(5):401–10.
• Blanchard SM, Barr RC. Comparison of methods for adaptive sampling of cardiac electrograms and electrocardiograms. Medical & biological engineering & computing. 1985 Jul;23(4):377–86.
• Barr RC, Blanchard SM, Dipersio DA. SAPA-2 is the Fan. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1985 May;32(5):337.
• Barr RC, Blanchard SM, Dipersio DA. SAPA-2 is the Fan [ECG]. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng (USA). 1985;BME-32(5):337.
• Plonsey R, Barr RC. Effect of junctional resistance on source-strength in a linear cable. Annals of biomedical engineering. 1985 Jan;13(1):95–100.
• DiPersio DA, Barr RC. STUDY OF THE FAN METHOD OF ADAPTIVE SAMPLING FOR HUMAN ECGS. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1984 Dec 1;315.
• Barr RC, Blanchard SM. COMPARISON OF ADAPTIVE SAMPLING METHODS FOR ELECTROGRAMS AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS. IEEE/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference. 1984 Dec 1;220–3.
• Carollo JJ, Barr RC, Thelen JD. MOTORIZED FOREARM MODULE FOR PROSTHETIC TERMINAL DEVICES. IEEE/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference. 1984 Dec 1;43–6.
• Barr RC. Finding the site of origin and velocity of propagation in a short one-dimensional strand from two extracellular waveforms. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1984 Aug;31(8):546–50.
• Barr RC, Plonsey R. Propagation of excitation in idealized anisotropic two-dimensional tissue. Biophysical journal. 1984 Jun;45(6):1191–202.
• Plonsey R, Barr RC. Current flow patterns in two-dimensional anisotropic bisyncytia with normal and extreme conductivities. Biophysical journal. 1984 Mar;45(3):557–71.
• Barr RC. Finding the site of origin and velocity of propagation in a short one-dimensional strand from two extracellular waveforms. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng (USA). 1984;BME-31(8):546–50.
• Barr RC, Spach MS. Construction and interpretation of body surface maps. Progress in cardiovascular diseases. 1983 Jul;26(1):33–42.
• Spach MS, Barr RC. Localizing cardiac electrical events from body surface maps. International journal of cardiology. 1983 Jul;3(4):459–64.
• Blanchard SM, Barr RC. ZERO, FIRST, AND SECOND ORDER ADAPTIVE SAMPLING FROM ECGS. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings. 1982 Dec 1;209.
• Geselowitz DB, Barr RC, Spach MS, Miller WT. The impact of adjacent isotropic fluids on electrograms from anisotropic cardiac muscle. A modeling study. Circulation research. 1982 Nov;51(5):602–13.
• Blanchard SM, Barr RC, Spach MS. A voltage-triggered system for adaptive sampling in body surface mapping. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1982 Nov;29(11):726–30.
• Plonsey R, Barr R. The four-electrode resistivity technique as applied to cardiac muscle. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1982 Jul;29(7):541–6.
• Blanchard SM, Barr RC, Spach MS. A voltage-triggered system for adaptive sampling in body surface mapping. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng (USA). 1982;BME-29(11):726–30.
• Spach MS, Barr RC, Benson DW. A portable body surface potential mapping system. Japanese Heart Journal. 1982 Jan 1;23(Suppl. 1):330–2.
• Plonsey R, Barr RC. The four-electrode resistivity technique as applied to cardiac muscle. Japanese Heart Journal. 1982 Jan 1;23(Suppl. 1):23–5.
• Spach MS, Miller WT, Geselowitz DB, Barr RC, Kootsey JM, Johnson EA. The discontinuous nature of propagation in normal canine cardiac muscle. Evidence for recurrent discontinuities of intracellular resistance that affect the membrane currents. Circulation research. 1981 Jan;48(1):39–54.
• Geselowitz DB, Arzbaecher RC, Barr RC, Briller SA, Damato AN, Flowers N, et al. Electrical safety standards for electrocardiographic apparatus. Circulation. 1980 Apr;61(4):669–70.
• Barr RC, Gallie TM, Spach MS. Automated production of contour maps for electrophysiology. I. Problem definition, solution strategy, and specification of geometric model. Computers and biomedical research, an international journal. 1980 Apr;13(2):142–53.
• Barr RC, Gallie TM, Spach MS. Automated production of contour maps for electrophysiology. II. Triangulation, verification, and organization of the geometric model. Computers and biomedical research, an international journal. 1980 Apr;13(2):154–70.
• Barr RC, Gallie TM, Spach MS. Automated production of contour maps for electrophysiology. III. Construction of contour maps. Computers and biomedical research, an international journal. 1980 Apr;13(2):171–91.
• Barr RC, Gallie TM, Spach MS. CONSTRUCTION OF ISOCHRONE OR ISOPOTENTIAL MAPS FOR CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY - A STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND ONE APPROACH TO ITS SOLUTION. Multi-phase Transport: Fundamentals, Reactor Safety, Applications. 1980;13–8.
• Benson DW, Gallagher JJ, Spach MS, Barr RC, Edwards SB, Oldham HN, et al. Accessory atrioventricular pathway in an infant: prediction of location with body surface maps and ablation with cryosurgery. J Pediatr. 1980 Jan;96(1):41–6.
• Barr RC, Gallie TM, Spach MS. CONSTRUCTION OF ISOCHRONE OR ISOPOTENTIAL MAPS FOR CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY - A STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND ONE APPROACH TO ITS SOLUTION. Multi-phase Transport: Fundamentals, Reactor Safety, Applications. 1980 Jan 1;13–8.
• Spach MS, Miller WT, Miller-Jones E, Warren RB, Barr RC. Extracellular potentials related to intracellular action potentials during impulse conduction in anisotropic canine cardiac muscle. Circulation research. 1979 Aug;45(2):188–204.
• Spach MS, Barr RC, Benson W, Walston A, Warren RB, Edwards SB. Body surface low-level potentials during ventricular repolarization with analysis of the ST segment: variability in normal subjects. Circulation. 1979 Apr;59(4):822–36.
• Spach MS, Barr RC, Warren RB, Benson DW, Walston A, Edwards SB. Isopotential body surface mapping in subjects of all ages: emphasis on low-level potentials with analysis of the method. Circulation. 1979 Apr;59(4):805–21.
• Hersh LT, Barr RC, Spach MS. An analysis of transfer coefficients calculated directly from epicardial and body surface potential measurements in the intact dog. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1978 Sep;25(5):446–61.
• Barr RC, Spach MS. Inverse calculation of QRS-T epicardial potentials from body surface potential distributions for normal and ectopic beats in the intact dog. Circulation research. 1978 May;42(5):661–75.
• Barr RC, Herman-Giddens GS, Warren RB, Spach MS. Two-level control of a real-time data acquisition and control system for studying the electrical activity of the heart. In: Proceedings of the 16th Annual Southeast Regional Conference, ACM-SE 1978. 1978. p. 288–94.
• Barr RC, Spach MS. A comparison of measured epicardial potentials with epicardial potentials computed from body surface measurements in the intact dog. Advances in cardiology. 1978 Jan;21:19–22.
• Spach MS, Barr RC, Lanning CF. Experimental basis for QRS and T wave potentials in the WPW syndrome. The relation of epicardial to body surface potential distributions in the intact chimpanzee. Circulation research. 1978 Jan;42(1):103–18.
• Spach MS, Barr RC. Origin of epicardial ST-T wave potentials in the intact dog. Advances in cardiology. 1978 Jan;21:15–8.
• Ramsey M, Barr RC, Spach MS. Comparison of measured torso potentials with those simulated from epicardial potentials for ventricular depolarization and repolarization in the intact dog. Circulation research. 1977 Nov;41(5):660–72.
• Spach MS, Barr RC, Lanning CF, Tucek PC. Origin of body surface QRS and T wave potentials from epicardial potential distributions in the intact chimpanzee. Circulation. 1977 Feb;55(2):268–268.
• Barr RC, Ramsey M, Spach MS. Relating epicardial to body surface potential distributions by means of transfer coefficients based on geometry measurements. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1977 Jan;24(1):1–11.
• Barr RC, Spach MS. Sampling rates required for digital recording of intracellular and extracellular cardiac potentials. Circulation. 1977 Jan;55(1):40–8.
• Taccardi B, Barr R, Kornreich F. Surface maps; information content and data reduction; lead systems. Advances in Cardiology. 1977 Jan 1;Vol. 21:115–20.
• Barr R, Horacek BM, Ritsema HJ. Direct and inverse solutions; equivalent cardiac generator models. Advances in Cardiology. 1977 Jan 1;Vol. 21:110–4.
• Barr RC, III RM, Spach MS. Relating epicardial to body surface potential distributions by means of transfer coefficients based on geometry measurements. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng (USA). 1977;BME-24(1):1–11.
• Spach MS, Barr RC. Origin of epicardial ST-T wave potentials in the intact dog. Circulation research. 1976 Oct;39(4):475–87.
• Barr RC, Herman-Giddens GS, Spach MS, Warren RB, Gallie TM. The design of a real-time computer system for examining the electrical activity of the heart. Computers and biomedical research, an international journal. 1976 Oct;9(5):445–69.
• Barr RC, Herman-Glddens GS, Spach MS, Warren RB, Morrow MN, Gallie TM. Organization of a computer system for measuring the electrical activity of the heart. In: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Southeast Regional Conference, ACM-SE 1976. 1976. p. 380–6.
• Spach MS, Barr RC. Anaylsis of ventricular activation and repolarization from intramural and epicardial potential distributions for ectopic beats in the intact dog. Circulation research. 1975 Dec;37(6):830–43.
• Spach MS, Barr RC. Ventricular intramural and epicardial potential distributions during ventricular activation and repolarization in the intact dog. Circulation research. 1975 Aug;37(2):243–57.
• Herman‐Giddens GS, Warren RB, Barr RC, Spach MS. Biomac: Block structured programming using PDP‐11 assembler language. Software: Practice and Experience. 1975 Jan 1;5(4):359–74.
• Barr RC, Spach MS, Hersh LT, Ramsey M. Inverse calculation of QRS T epicardial potentials from body surface maps for normal and ectopic beats in the intact dog. Circulation. 1975 Jan 1;52(4 sup 2).
• Spach MS, Barr RC. A test of the 'SI' theory of repolarization potentials in complex excitation sequences in the intact dog. Circulation. 1975 Jan 1;52(4 sup 2).
• Spach MS, Barr RC, Johnson EA, Kootsey JM. Cardiac extracellular potentials. Analysis of complex wave forms about the Purkinje networks in dogs. Circulation research. 1973 Oct;33(4):465–73.
• Spach MS, Barr RC, Jewett PH. Spread of excitation from the atrium into thoracic veins in human beings and dogs. The American journal of cardiology. 1972 Dec;30(8):844–54.
• Spach MS, Barr RC. The use of isopotential surface maps in understanding clinical ECGs. American journal of diseases of children (1960). 1972 Sep;124(3):359–63.
• Spach MS, Barr RC, Serwer GA, Kootsey JM, Johnson EA. Extracellular potentials related to intracellular action potentials in the dog Purkinje system. Circulation research. 1972 May;30(5):505–19.
• King TD, Barr RC, Herman-Giddens GS, Boaz DE, Spach MS. Isopotential body surface maps and their relationship to atrial potentials in the dog. Circulation research. 1972 Apr;30(4):393–405.
• Blumenschein SD, Barr RC, Spach MS, Gentzler RC. Quantitative Frank vectorcardiograms of normal children and a comparison to those of patients with atrial defects. American heart journal. 1972 Mar;83(3):332–9.
• Spach MS, Barr RC, Serwer GS, Johnson EA, Kootsey JM. Collision of excitation waves in the dog Purkinje system. Extracellular identification. Circulation research. 1971 Nov;29(5):499–511.
• Spach MS, Lieberman M, Scott JG, Barr RC, Johnson EA, Kootsey JM. Excitation sequences of the atrial septum and the AV node in isolated hearts of the dog and rabbit. Circulation research. 1971 Aug;29(2):156–72.
• Barr RC, Spach MS, Herman-Giddens GS. Selection of the number and positions of measuring locations for electrocardiography. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1971 Mar;18(2):125–38.
• Karsh RB, Spach MS, Barr RC. Interpretation of isopotential surface maps in patients with Ostium Primum and Secundum atrial defects. Circulation. 1970 Jun;41(6):913–33.
• Levin AR, Jarmakani MM, Spach MS, Canent RVJ R, Capp MP, Boineau JP, et al. Ventricular intracradiac shunting mechanisms in congenital heart disease. UCLA forum in medical sciences. 1970 Jan;10:247–63.
• Barr RC, Pilkington TC, Boineau JP, Rogers CL. An inverse electrocardiographic solution with an ON-OFF model. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1970 Jan;17(1):49–57.
• Blumenschein SD, Spach MS, Flaherty JT, Boineau JP, Barr RC, Gallie TM. Exploratory electrocardiography: use of isopotential surface maps. UCLA forum in medical sciences. 1970 Jan;10:347–68.
• Barr RC, Pilkington TC. Computing inverse solutions for an on-off heart model. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1969 Jul;16(3):205–14.
• Spach MS, King TD, Barr RC, Boaz DE, Morrow MN, Herman-Giddens S. Electrical potential distribution surrounding the atria during depolarization and repolarization in the dog. Circulation research. 1969 Jun;24(6):857–73.
• Spach M, Barr R, Blumenschein S, Boineau J. Isopotential surface maps. Annals of internal medicine. 1969 May;70(5):1048.
• Pilkington TC, Barr RC, Rogers CL. Effect of conductivity interfaces in electrocardiography. The Bulletin of mathematical biophysics. 1968 Dec;30(4):637–43.
• Blumenschein SD, Spach MS, Boineau JP, Barr RC, Gallie TM, Wallace AG, et al. Genesis of body surface potentials in varying types of right ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation. 1968 Nov;38(5):917–32.
• Spach MS, Barr RC, Blumenschein SD, Boineau JP. Clinical implications of isopotential surface maps. Annals of internal medicine. 1968 Nov;69(5):919–28.
• Jarmakani MM, Edwards SB, Spach MS, Canent RV, Capp MP, Hagan MJ, et al. Left ventricular pressure-volume characteristics in congenital heart disease. Circulation. 1968 Jun;37(6):879–89.
• Pilkington TC, Barr RC, Rogers CL. Effect of conductivity interfaces. The Bulletin of mathematical biophysics. 1967 Dec;29(4):705–10.
• Flaherty JT, Spach MS, Boineau JP, Canent RV, Barr RC, Sabiston DC. Cardiac potentials on body surface of infants with anomalous left coronary artery (myocardial infarction). Circulation. 1967 Sep;36(3):345–58.
• Barr RC, Spach MS, Boineau JP, Pilkington TC. Letter to the editor. American Heart Journal. 1967 Aug 1;74(2):293–293.
• Levin AR, Spach MS, Canent RV, Boineau JP, Capp MP, Jain V, et al. Intracardiac pressure-flow dynamics in isolated ventricular septal defects. Circulation. 1967 Mar;35(3):430–41.
• Spach MS, Silberberg WP, Boineau JP, Barr RC, Long EC, Gallie TM, et al. Body surface isopotential maps in normal children, ages 4 to 14 years. American heart journal. 1966 Nov;72(5):640–52.
• Spach MS, Barr RC, Havstad JW, Long EC. Skin-electrode impedance and its effect on recording cardiac potentials. Circulation. 1966 Oct;34(4):649–56.
• Barr RC, Pilkington TC, Boineau JP, Spach MS. Comparing methods of generating surface potentials. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1966 Oct;13(4):210–1.
• Boineau JP, Spach MS, Pilkington TC, Barr RC. Relationship between body surface potential and ventricular excitation in the dog. Circulation research. 1966 Sep;19(3):489–95.
• Barr RC, Pilkington TC, Boineau JP, Spach MS. Determining surface potentials from current dipoles, with application to electrocardiography. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering. 1966 Apr;13(2):88–92.
• Pilkington TC, Metz WC, Barr RC. Calculation of resistance of threedimensional configurations. Proceedings of the IEEE. 1966;54(2):307.
• Barr RC, Pilkington TC, Boineau JP, Spach MS. Determining surface potentials from current dipoles, with application to electrocardiography. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 1966;BME-13(2):88–92.
• Barr RC, Pilkington TC, Boineau JP, Spach MS. Comparing methods of generating surface potentials. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 1966;BME-13(4):210–1.
• Hersh LT, Barr RC, Spach MS. An analysis of transfer coefficients calculated directly from epicardial and body surface potential measurements in the intact dog. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng (USA). BME-25(5):446–61.

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