Jennifer M. Groh
Psychology & Neuroscience
Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience
Research Interests
- rn
- Eye movement-related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs) and their role in visual-auditory processing rn
- Neural fluctuations and their role in permitting the brain to do more than one thing at a time (Neural time division multiplexing) rn
Bio
Research in my laboratory concerns how sensory and motor systems work together, and how neural representations play a combined role in sensorimotor and cognitive processing (embodied cognition). nnMost of our work concerns the interactions between vision and hearing. We frequently perceive visual and auditory stimuli as being bound together if they seem likely to have arisen from a common source. That's why we tend not to notice that the speakers on TV sets or in movie theatres are located beside, and not behind, the screen. Research in my laboratory is devoted to investigating the question of how the brain coordinates the information arising from the ears and eyes. Our findings challenge the historical view of the brain's sensory processing as being automatic, autonomous, and immune from outside influence. We have recently established that neurons in the auditory pathway (inferior colliculus, auditory cortex) alter their responses to sound depending on where the eyes are pointing. This finding suggests that the different sensory pathways meddle in one another's supposedly private affairs, making their respective influences felt even at very early stages of processing. The process of bringing the signals from two different sensory pathways into a common frame of reference begins at a surprisingly early point along the primary sensory pathways.
Education
- M.S. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1989
- Ph.D. University of Pennsylvania, 1993
Positions
- Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience
- Professor of Neurobiology
- Professor of Biomedical Engineering
- Professor of Computer Science
- Faculty Network Member of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences
- Member of the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience
Awards, Honors, and Distinctions
- Thomas Langford Lecture. Duke University. 2012
- Fellowship. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. 2009
- Sloan Research Fellowship-Neuroscience. Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. 1998
Courses Taught
- PSY 755: Research Practicum
- PSY 378L: Perception and the Brain
- PSY 308L: Perception and the Brain
- NEUROSCI 755: Interdisciplinary Program in Cognitive Neuroscience (IPCN) Independent Research Rotation
- NEUROSCI 494: Research Independent Study 2
- NEUROSCI 493: Research Independent Study 1
- NEUROSCI 378L: Perception and the Brain
- NEUROBIO 793: Research in Neurobiology
Publications
- Chen Y, Groh JM, Tokdar ST. Spike Count Analysis for MultiPlexing Inference (SCAMPI). 2024.
- Schmehl MN, Herche JL, Groh JM. Visually-evoked activity and variable modulation of auditory responses in the macaque inferior colliculus. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. 2024.
- Groh JM, Schmehl MN, Caruso VC, Tokdar ST. Signal switching may enhance processing power of the brain. Trends in cognitive sciences. 2024 Jul;28(7):600–13.
- Schmehl MN, Caruso VC, Chen Y, Jun NY, Willett SM, Mohl JT, et al. Multiple objects evoke fluctuating responses in several regions of the visual pathway. eLife. 2024 Mar;13:e91129.
- King CD, Lovich SN, Murphy DL, Landrum R, Kaylie D, Shera CA, et al. Individual similarities and differences in eye-movement-related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs). Hear Res. 2023 Dec;440:108899.
- Lovich SN, King CD, Murphy DLK, Landrum RE, Shera CA, Groh JM. Parametric information about eye movements is sent to the ears. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2023 Nov;120(48):e2303562120.
- Lovich SN, King CD, Murphy DLK, Abbasi H, Bruns P, Shera CA, et al. Conserved features of eye movement related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs) across humans and monkeys. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological sciences. 2023 Sep;378(1886):20220340.
- King CD, Lovich SN, Murphy DLK, Landrum R, Kaylie D, Shera CA, et al. Individual similarities and differences in eye-movement-related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs). bioRxiv. 2023 Aug 6;
- Schmehl MN, Caruso VC, Chen Y, Jun NY, Willett SM, Mohl JT, et al. Multiple objects evoke fluctuating responses in several regions of the visual pathway. 2023.
- Lovich SN, King CD, Murphy DLK, Abbasi H, Bruns P, Shera CA, et al. Conserved features of eye movement related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs) across humans and monkeys. bioRxiv. 2023 May 22;
- Jun NY, Ruff DA, Kramer LE, Bowes B, Tokdar ST, Cohen MR, et al. Coordinated multiplexing of information about separate objects in visual cortex. eLife. 2022 Nov;11:e76452.
- Willett SM, Groh JM. Multiple sounds degrade the frequency representation in monkey inferior colliculus. The European journal of neuroscience. 2022 Jan;55(2):528–48.
- Schmehl MN, Groh JM. Visual Signals in the Mammalian Auditory System. Annual review of vision science. 2021 Sep;7:201–23.
- Caruso VC, Pages DS, Sommer MA, Groh JM. Compensating for a shifting world: evolving reference frames of visual and auditory signals across three multimodal brain areas. Journal of neurophysiology. 2021 Jul;126(1):82–94.
- Glynn C, Tokdar ST, Zaman A, Caruso VC, Mohl JT, Willett SM, et al. ANALYZING SECOND ORDER STOCHASTICITY OF NEURAL SPIKING UNDER STIMULI-BUNDLE EXPOSURE. The annals of applied statistics. 2021 Mar;15(1):41–63.
- Mohl JT, Pearson JM, Groh JM. Monkeys and humans implement causal inference to simultaneously localize auditory and visual stimuli. J Neurophysiol. 2020 Sep 1;124(3):715–27.
- Groh JM. Hearing in a world of light: why, where, and how visual and auditory information are connected by the brain. Journal of eye movement research. 2019 Nov;12(7).
- Jun NY, Ruff DA, Kramer LE, Bowes B, Tokdar ST, Cohen MR, et al. Coordinated multiplexing of information about separate objects in visual cortex. 2019 Sep 23;
- Kopčo N, Lokša P, Lin I-F, Groh J, Shinn-Cunningham B. Hemisphere-specific properties of the ventriloquism aftereffect. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2019 Aug;146(2):EL177.
- Caruso VC, Mohl JT, Glynn C, Lee J, Willett SM, Zaman A, et al. Single neurons may encode simultaneous stimuli by switching between activity patterns. Nature communications. 2018 Jul;9(1):2715.
- Gruters KG, Murphy DLK, Jenson CD, Smith DW, Shera CA, Groh JM. The eardrums move when the eyes move: A multisensory effect on the mechanics of hearing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2018 Feb;115(6):E1309–18.
- Caruso V, Pages D, Sommer MA, Groh J. Beyond the labeled line: variation in visual reference frames from intraparietal cortex to frontal eye fields and the superior colliculus. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2017 Dec 20;In Press.
- Pages DS, Ross DA, Puñal VM, Agashe S, Dweck I, Mueller J, et al. Effects of Electrical Stimulation in the Inferior Colliculus on Frequency Discrimination by Rhesus Monkeys and Implications for the Auditory Midbrain Implant. J Neurosci. 2016 May 4;36(18):5071–83.
- Caruso VC, Pages DS, Sommer MA, Groh JM. Similar prevalence and magnitude of auditory-evoked and visually-evoked activity in the frontal eye fields: Implications for multisensory motor control. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2016 Mar 2;in press.
- Groh JM. Making Space: How the Brain Knows Where Things Are. Harvard University Press; 2014.
- Groh JM, Lee J. Different Stimuli, Different Spatial Codes: A Visual Map and an Auditory Rate Code for Oculomotor Space in the Primate Superior Colliculus. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 15;9(1).
- Zucker NL, Merwin RM, Bulik CM, Moskovich A, Wildes JE, Groh J. Subjective experience of sensation in anorexia nervosa. Behav Res Ther. 2013 Jun;51(6):256–65.
- Pages DS, Groh JM. Looking at the ventriloquist: visual outcome of eye movements calibrates sound localization. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e72562.
- Gruters KG, Groh JM. Sounds and beyond: Multisensory and other non-auditory signals in the inferior colliculus. Frontiers in Neural Circuits. 2012 Nov 15;(NOV):1–39.
- Lee J, Groh JM. Auditory signals evolve from hybrid- to eye-centered coordinates in the primate superior colliculus. Journal of neurophysiology. 2012 Jul;108(1):227–42.
- Bulkin DA, Groh JM. Distribution of eye position information in the monkey inferior colliculus. Journal of neurophysiology. 2012 Feb;107(3):785–95.
- Gruters KG, Groh JM. Sounds and beyond: multisensory and other non-auditory signals in the inferior colliculus. Frontiers in neural circuits. 2012 Jan;6:96.
- Bulkin DA, Groh JM. Distribution of visual and saccade related information in the monkey inferior colliculus. Frontiers in neural circuits. 2012 Jan;6:61.
- Bulkin DA, Groh JM. Systematic mapping of the monkey inferior colliculus reveals enhanced low frequency sound representation. Journal of neurophysiology. 2011 Apr;105(4):1785–97.
- Groh JM. Effects of Initial Eye Position on Saccades Evoked by Microstimulation in the Primate Superior Colliculus: Implications for Models of the SC Read-Out Process. Frontiers in integrative neuroscience. 2011 Jan;4:130.
- Groh JM, Pai DK. Looking at Sounds: Neural Mechanisms in the Primate Brain. In: Primate Neuroethology. 2010.
- Maier JX, Groh JM. Comparison of gain-like properties of eye position signals in inferior colliculus versus auditory cortex of primates. Frontiers in integrative neuroscience. 2010 Jan;4:121.
- Maier JX, Groh JM. Multisensory guidance of orienting behavior. Hearing research. 2009 Dec;258(1–2):106–12.
- Kopco N, Lin I-F, Shinn-Cunningham BG, Groh JM. Reference frame of the ventriloquism aftereffect. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2009 Nov;29(44):13809–14.
- Mullette-Gillman OA, Cohen YE, Groh JM. Motor-related signals in the intraparietal cortex encode locations in a hybrid, rather than eye-centered reference frame. Cereb Cortex. 2009 Aug;19(8):1761–75.
- Werner-Reiss U, Groh JM. A rate code for sound azimuth in monkey auditory cortex: implications for human neuroimaging studies. J Neurosci. 2008 Apr 2;28(14):3747–58.
- Porter KK, Metzger RR, Groh JM. Visual- and saccade-related signals in the primate inferior colliculus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Nov 6;104(45):17855–60.
- Bulkin DA, Groh JM. Seeing sounds: visual and auditory interactions in the brain. Current opinion in neurobiology. 2006 Aug;16(4):415–9.
- Metzger RR, Greene NT, Porter KK, Groh JM. Effects of reward and behavioral context on neural activity in the primate inferior colliculus. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2006 Jul;26(28):7468–76.
- Porter KK, Metzger RR, Groh JM. Representation of eye position in primate inferior colliculus. Journal of neurophysiology. 2006 Mar;95(3):1826–42.
- Werner-Reiss U, Porter KK, Underhill AM, Groh JM. Long lasting attenuation by prior sounds in auditory cortex of awake primates. Experimental brain research. 2006 Jan;168(1–2):272–6.
- Porter KK, Groh JM. The "other" transformation required for visual-auditory integration: representational format. Progress in brain research. 2006 Jan;155:313–23.
- Mullette-Gillman OA, Cohen YE, Groh JM. Eye-centered, head-centered, and complex coding of visual and auditory targets in the intraparietal sulcus. Journal of neurophysiology. 2005 Oct;94(4):2331–52.
- Metzger RR, Mullette-Gillman OA, Underhill AM, Cohen YE, Groh JM. Auditory saccades from different eye positions in the monkey: implications for coordinate transformations. Journal of neurophysiology. 2004 Oct;92(4):2622–7.
- Groh JM, Kelly KA, Underhill AM. A monotonic code for sound azimuth in primate inferior colliculus. Journal of cognitive neuroscience. 2003 Nov;15(8):1217–31.
- Werner-Reiss U, Kelly KA, Trause AS, Underhill AM, Groh JM. Eye position affects activity in primary auditory cortex of primates. Current biology : CB. 2003 Apr;13(7):554–62.
- Groh JM, Gazzaniga MS. How the brain keeps time. Daedalus. 2003;132(2):56–61.
- Kelly KA, Metzger R, Mullette-Gillman OA, Werner-Reiss U, Groh JM. Representation of sound location in the primate brain. In: Primate Audition: Ethology and Neurobiology. 2002. p. 177–97.
- Groh JM. Converting neural signals from place codes to rate codes. Biological cybernetics. 2001 Sep;85(3):159–65.
- Boucher L, Groh JM, Hughes HC. Afferent delays and the mislocalization of perisaccadic stimuli. Vision research. 2001 Sep;41(20):2631–44.
- Groh JM, Trause AS, Underhill AM, Clark KR, Inati S. Eye position influences auditory responses in primate inferior colliculus. Neuron. 2001 Feb;29(2):509–18.
- Boucher L, Groh JM, Hughes HC. Visual latency and the mislocalization of perisaccadic stimuli. Vision Research. 2001;41:2631–44.
- Born RT, Groh JM, Zhao R, Lukasewycz SJ. Segregation of object and background motion in visual area MT: effects of microstimulation on eye movements. Neuron. 2000 Jun;26(3):725–34.
- Groh JM. Predicting perception from population codes. Nature neuroscience. 2000 Mar;3(3):201–2.
- Groh JM. Reading neural representations. Neuron. 1998 Oct;21(4):661–4.
- Wickersham I, Groh JM. Neurophysiology: electrically evoking sensory experience. Current biology : CB. 1998 Jun;8(12):R412–4.
- Wickersham I, Groh JM. Electrically evoking sensory experience. Current Biology. 1998;8:R412–4.
- Groh JM, Born RT, Newsome WT. How is a sensory map read Out? Effects of microstimulation in visual area MT on saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 1997 Jun;17(11):4312–30.
- Groh JM, Seidemann E, Newsome WT. Neurophysiology: neural fingerprints of visual attention. Current biology : CB. 1996 Nov;6(11):1406–9.
- Groh JM, Born RT, Newsome WT. A comparison of the effects of microstimulation in area MT on saccades and smooth pursuit eye movements. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 1996 Feb 15;37(3).
- Groh JM, Sparks DL. Saccades to somatosensory targets. II. motor convergence in primate superior colliculus. Journal of neurophysiology. 1996 Jan;75(1):428–38.
- Groh JM, Sparks DL. Saccades to somatosensory targets. I. behavioral characteristics. Journal of neurophysiology. 1996 Jan;75(1):412–27.
- Groh JM, Born RT, Newsome WT. Interpreting sensory maps in visual cortex. IBRO News. 1996;24:11–2.
- Groh JM, Seidemann E, Newsome WT. Neural fingerprints of visual attention. Current Biol. 1996;11:1406–9.
- Groh JM, Sparks DL. Saccades to somatosensory targets. III. eye-position-dependent somatosensory activity in primate superior colliculus. Journal of neurophysiology. 1996 Jan;75(1):439–53.
- Groh JM, Sparks DL. Two models for transforming auditory signals from head-centered to eye-centered coordinates. Biological cybernetics. 1992 Jan;67(4):291–302.
In The News
- Your Eyes Talk to Your Ears. Scientists Know What They’re Saying. (Nov 20, 2023 | Duke Today)
- Hot Off the Press: Summer Reading From Duke Authors (Jun 22, 2023 | Duke Today)
- Brain Cells Use A Telephone Trick To Report What They See (Nov 29, 2022 | )
- Who Can Wiggle Their Ears and Why It Matters in Understanding Brain Development (Jul 11, 2019 | Duke Research Blog)
- Neurons Can Carry More Than One Signal at a Time (Jul 18, 2018 | )
- Your eardrums are pointing where your eyes are looking (Jan 27, 2018 | CBC Radio: Quirks and Quarks)
- When the Eyes Move, The Eardrums Move, Too (Jan 23, 2018 | )
- When Your Eyes Move, So Do Your Eardrums ... and no one knows why. (Jan 23, 2018 | The Atlantic)
- Study: When the eyes move, so do the eardrums (Jan 23, 2018 | United Press International)
- Your eardrums move in sync with your eyes but we don’t know why (Jul 21, 2017 | New Scientist)
- You are here (Dec 28, 2015 | CBC Radio "Ideas")
- Knowing One's Place: Spatial Processing in the Brain (Jun 1, 2015 | Ideas Roadshow)
- Jennifer Groh talks about her new book ‘Making Space’ (Dec 10, 2014 | WUNC)
- Making Space (Dec 5, 2014 | The State of Things (North Carolina Public Radio at WUNC))
- Natural Navigation (Oct 18, 2014 | BBC World Service: The Forum)
- Neuroscientists Teaching About New Nobel Prize on the Brain's GPS (Oct 8, 2014 | Duke Research Blog)
- How Vision Captures Sound Now Somewhat Uncertain (Jan 16, 2014 | )
- People believe their eyes over their ears, Duke research finds (Sep 9, 2013 | News & Observer)
- Why We Look At The Puppet, Not The Ventriloquist (Aug 29, 2013 | )
- Ventriloquism and the Brain (Nov 3, 2007 | CBC Radio "Quirks and Quarks")
- Secrets of ventriloquism revealed (Oct 29, 2007 | The Telegraph)