Adam P. Wax

Research Themes

Biomedical Imaging & Biophotonics, Biosensors & Bioinstrumentation

Research Interests

Optical spectroscopy for early cancer detection, novel microscopy and interferometry techniques.

Bio

Dr. Wax's research interests include optical spectroscopy for early cancer detection, novel microscopy and ninterferometry techniques.

The study of intact, living cells with optical spectroscopy offers the opportunity to observe cellular structure, organization and dynamics in a way that is not possible with traditional methods. We have developed a set of novel spectroscopic techniques for measuring spatial, temporal and refractive structure on sub-hertz and sub-wavelength scales based on using low-coherence interferometry (LCI) to detect scattered light. We have applied these techniques in different types of cell biology experiments. In one experiment, LCI measurements of the angular pattern of backscattered light are used to determine non-invasively the structure of sub-cellular organelles in cell monolayers, and the components of epithelial tissue from freshly excised rat esophagus. This work has potential as a diagnostic method for early cancer detection. In another experiment, LCI phase measurements are used to examine volume changes of epithelial cells in a monolayer in response to environmental osmolarity changes. Although cell volume changes have been measured previously, this work demonstrates for the first time the volume of just a few cells (2 or 3) tracked continuously and in situ.
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Education

• B.S. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1993
• M.A. Duke University, 1996
• Ph.D. Duke University, 1999

Positions

• Professor of Biomedical Engineering
• Professor of Physics
• Member of the Duke Cancer Institute
• Faculty Network Member of the Duke Institute for Brain Sciences
• Bass Fellow

Awards, Honors, and Distinctions

• Fellow. American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering. 2014
• Fellow. International Society for Optics and Photonics. 2010
• Fellow. Optical Society of America. 2010
• Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program. National Science Foundation. 2004

Courses Taught

• PHYSICS 621: Advanced Optics
• PHYSICS 493: Research Independent Study
• MOLCAN 551L: Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Tissue Optics (GE, IM)
• MENG 552: Master of Engineering Supplemental Internship
• MENG 551: Master of Engineering Internship/Project Assessment
• MENG 550: Master of Engineering Internship/Project
• GLHLTH 796T: Bass Connections Global Health Research Team
• GLHLTH 795T: Bass Connections Global Health Research Team
• GLHLTH 396T: Bass Connections Global Health Research Team
• GLHLTH 395T: Bass Connections Global Health Research Team
• EGR 491: Projects in Engineering
• EGR 393: Research Projects in Engineering
• ECE 541: Advanced Optics
• BME 791: Graduate Independent Study
• BME 552: Advanced Optics
• BME 551L: Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Tissue Optics (GE, IM)
• BME 550: Modern Microscopy (GE, IM)
• BME 494: Projects in Biomedical Engineering (GE)
• BME 493: Projects in Biomedical Engineering (GE)
• BME 436L: Biophotonic Instrumentation (DR)

Publications

• Kendall WY, Tian Q, Zhao S, Mirminachi S, O’Kane E, Joseph A, et al. Deep learning classification of ex vivo human colon tissues using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. J Biophotonics. 2024 Sep;17(9):e202400082.
• Gupta DK, Highland R, Miller DA, Wax A. Utilizing quantitative phase microscopy to localize fluorescence in three dimensions via the transport of intensity equation. Optics letters. 2024 Aug;49(15):4457–60.
• Zhang H, Jelly ET, Miller DA, Wax A. Recovery of angular scattering profiles through a flexible multimode fiber. Optics express. 2024 Jun;32(12):21092–101.
• Jelly ET, Steelman ZA, Zhang H, Chu KK, Cotton CC, Eluri S, et al. Next-generation endoscopic probe for detection of esophageal dysplasia using combined OCT and angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry. Biomedical optics express. 2024 Mar;15(3):1943–58.
• Gupta DK, Highland T, Miller DA, Wax A. Utilizing Quantitative Phase Microscopy to Localize Fluorescence Imaging Using the Transport of Intensity Equation. In: Microscopy Histopathology and Analytics, Microscopy 2024 in Proceedings Optica Biophotonics Congress: Biomedical Optics 2024, Translational, Microscopy, OCT, OTS, BRAIN - Part of Optica Biophotonics Congress: Biomedical Optics. 2024.
• Wax A. Senior Editor Retirement: Farewell to Ben Dingel, Welcome Szymon Gładysz. Optical Engineering. 2023 Sep 1;62(9).
• Chen CX, Funkenbusch GT, Wax A. Biophysical Profiling of Sickle Cell Disease Using Holographic Cytometry and Deep Learning. International journal of molecular sciences. 2023 Jul;24(15):11885.
• Wax A. Senior Editor Retirement: Farewell to Khan Iftekharuddin, Welcome Daniel LeMaster. Optical Engineering. 2023 Apr 1;62(4):40101.
• Rancu A, Chen CX, Price H, Wax A. Multiscale optical phase fluctuations link disorder strength and fractal dimension of cell structure. Biophysical journal. 2023 Apr;122(7):1390–9.
• Chen CX, Funkenbusch GT, Wax A. High throughput QPM for Sickle Cell Disease Detection. In: Bio-Optics: Design and Application in Proceedings Biophotonics Congress: Optics in the Life Sciences 2023, OMA, NTM, BODA, OMP, BRAIN 2023. 2023.
• Rancu A, Chen CX, Price H, Wax A. Multiscale Quantitative Phase Imaging Yields Fractal Dimension of Cellular Structures. In: Novel Techniques in Microscopy, NTM 2023. 2023.
• Funkenbusch GT, Chen CX, Wax A. Dual-Wavelength Holographic Cytometry for Red Blood Cell Disease Diagnosis. In: Novel Techniques in Microscopy, NTM 2023. 2023.
• Wax A. OE Welcomes Our First Patent Review. Optical Engineering. 2022 Dec 1;61(12):120101.
• Chu KK, Zhao Y, Jelly ET, Steelman ZA, Crose M, Cox B, et al. Esophageal OCT Imaging Using a Paddle Probe Externally Attached to Endoscope. Digestive diseases and sciences. 2022 Oct;67(10):4805–12.
• Wax A. To Zoom or not to Zoom? Optical Engineering. 2022 Jun 1;61(6).
• Thakoor KA, Carter A, Song G, Wax A, Moussa O, Chen RWS, et al. Enhancing Portable OCT Image Quality via GANs for AI-Based Eye Disease Detection. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). 2022. p. 155–67.
• Rancu A, Chen CX, Parker S, Wax A. Analysis of Disorder Strength Across Quantitative Phase Imaging Systems. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2022.
• Highland T, Parker SM, Price H, Reynolds M, He S, Hoffman BD, et al. Combined Quantitative Phase Microscopy and Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Imaging for Analyzing Endothelial Cell Shear Stress Response. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2022.
• Wax A. Senior Editor Appointments: Augustus Way Fountain III and Jessica DeGroote Nelson. Optical Engineering. 2022 Jan 1;61(1).
• Jelly ET, Zhao Y, Chu KK, Price H, Crose M, Steelman ZA, et al. Deep imaging with 1.3 µm dual-axis optical coherence tomography and an enhanced depth of focus. Biomedical optics express. 2021 Dec;12(12):7689–702.
• Chen CX, Park HS, Price H, Wax A. Automated Classification of Breast Cancer Cells Using High-Throughput Holographic Cytometry. Frontiers in Physics. 2021 Nov 30;9.
• Yang Z, Soltanian-Zadeh S, Chu KK, Zhang H, Moussa L, Watts AE, et al. Connectivity-based deep learning approach for segmentation of the epithelium in in vivo human esophageal OCT images. Biomedical optics express. 2021 Oct;12(10):6326–40.
• Wax A. Give credit where due: Authorship at OE. Optical Engineering. 2021 Oct 1;60(10).
• Park H-S, Price H, Ceballos S, Chi J-T, Wax A. Single Cell Analysis of Stored Red Blood Cells Using Ultra-High Throughput Holographic Cytometry. Cells. 2021 Sep 17;10(9).
• Jelly ET, Kwun J, Schmitz R, Farris AB, Steelman ZA, Sudan DL, et al. Optical coherence tomography of small intestine allograft biopsies using a handheld surgical probe. J Biomed Opt. 2021 Sep;26(9).
• Zhang H, Kendall WY, Jelly ET, Wax A. Deep learning classification of cervical dysplasia using depth-resolved angular light scattering profiles. Biomedical optics express. 2021 Aug;12(8):4997–5007.
• Wax A. On the Road Again: Returning to Conferences. Optical Engineering. 2021 Jun 1;60(6).
• Wax A. A New Chapter for Optical Engineering: Introducing Patent Reviews and a New Editor-in-Chief. Optical Engineering. 2021 Mar 1;60(3).
• Chen CX, Park HS, Wax A. Breast cell cancer progression characterization through holographic cytometry. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2021.
• Kendall WY, Bordas J, Jelly ET, Mirminachi B, Joseph A, Roper J, et al. Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography for early detection of colorectal cancer in a mouse model. In: Bio-Optics: Design and Application. 2021. p. DF1A-4.
• Chen CX, Jelly ET, Chu KK, Wax A. Indocyine Green (ICG) Enhanced Shortwave Infrared Fluorescence Imaging at Video Rate. In: Bio-Optics: Design and Application. 2021. p. DM3A-5.
• Parker SM, Price H, Reynolds M, He S, Hoffman BD, Wax A. Combined quantitative phase microscopy and förster resonance energy transfer for analyzing cell ion dynamics. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2021.
• Song G, Jelly ET, Chu K, Kendall WY, Wax A. A review of low-cost and portable optical coherence tomography. Progress in Biomedical Engineering. 2021;
• Kendall WY, Ho D, Chu K, Zinaman M, Wieland D, Moragne K, et al. Prospective detection of cervical dysplasia with scanning angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. Biomedical optics express. 2020 Sep;11(9):5197–211.
• Song G, Steelman ZA, Kendall W, Park HS, Wax A. Spatial scanning of a sample with two-dimensional angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry for analysis of anisotropic scatterers. Biomedical optics express. 2020 Aug;11(8):4419–30.
• Zhang H, Steelman ZA, Ceballos S, Chu KK, Wax A. Reconstruction of angle-resolved backscattering through a multimode fiber for cell nuclei and particle size determination. APL photonics. 2020 Jul;5(7):076105.
• Song G, Steelman ZA, Finkelstein S, Yang Z, Martin L, Chu KK, et al. Multimodal Coherent Imaging of Retinal Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease in a Mouse Model. Sci Rep. 2020 May 13;10(1):7912.
• Wax A. Applications of low cost optical coherence tomography. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2020.
• Zhang H, Steelman ZA, Wax A. Determination of particle size from reconstructed angular backscattering through a single multimode fiber. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2020.
• Kendall W, Ho D, Chu K, Zinaman M, Wieland D, Wax A. Clinical use of scanning angle-resolved low coherence interferometry for detection of cervical dysplasia. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2020.
• Song G, Kendall W, Steelman ZA, Wax A. Two-dimensional angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry with spatial scanning. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2020.
• Zhao Y, Chu KK, Jelly ET, Wax A. Origin of improved depth penetration in dual-axis optical coherence tomography: a Monte Carlo study (vol 12, e201800383, 2019). JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS. 2020;13.
• Jelly ET, Kendall W, Schmitz R, Knechtle SJ, Sudan DL, Joseph A, et al. Novel Implementations of Optical Coherence Tomography for Clinical Applications in the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract. In: Optical Coherence Tomography. 2020. p. OTu4E-4.
• Muñoz A, Eldridge WJ, Jakobsen NM, Sørensen H, Wax A, Costa M. Corrigendum: Cellular shear stiffness reflects progression of arsenic-induced transformation during G1. Carcinogenesis. 2019 Oct;40(10):1298.
• Jelly ET, Zhao Y, Chu KK, Crose M, Wax A. Expanded imaging volume for dual-axis optical coherence tomography. In: Frontiers in Optics - Proceedings Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science APS/DLS. 2019.
• Eldridge WJ, Ceballos S, Shah T, Park HS, Steelman ZA, Zauscher S, et al. Shear Modulus Measurement by Quantitative Phase Imaging and Correlation with Atomic Force Microscopy. Biophysical journal. 2019 Aug;117(4):696–705.
• Steelman ZA, Ho DS, Chu KK, Wax A. Light scattering methods for tissue diagnosis. Optica. 2019 Apr;6(4):479–89.
• Zhang H, Steelman ZA, Ho DS, Chu KK, Wax A. Angular range, sampling and noise considerations for inverse light scattering analysis of nuclear morphology. Journal of biophotonics. 2019 Feb;12(2):e201800258.
• Jelly ET, Zhao Y, Chu KK, Crose M, Wax A. Expanded Imaging Volume for Dual-Axis Optical Coherence Tomography. In: Frontiers in Optics. 2019. p. FM3C-3.
• Jelly ET, Steelman ZA, Wax A. Optical coherence tomography through a rigid borescope applied to quantification of articular cartilage thickness in a porcine knee model. Optics letters. 2019;44:5590–3.
• Zhao Y, Chu KK, Wax A. Enhanced depth penetration by dual-axis optical coherence tomography. In: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2019.
• Park HS, Eldridge WJ, Yang W-H, Crose M, Ceballos S, Roback JD, et al. Quantitative phase imaging of erythrocytes under microfluidic constriction in a high refractive index medium reveals water content changes. Microsyst Nanoeng. 2019;5:63.
• Zhao Y, Chu KK, Jelly ET, Wax A. Origin of improved depth penetration in dual-axis optical coherence tomography: a Monte Carlo study. Journal of biophotonics. 2019;12:e201800383–e201800383.
• Jelly ET, Wax A. Arthroscopic Delivery of OCT Using Low-Cost OCT System for Assessment of Porcine Articular Cartilage Thickness. In: Bio-Optics: Design and Application. 2019. p. DT2B-4.
• Zhang H, Steelman ZA, Wax A. Computational reconstruction of angular scattering distributions through an individual multimode fiber. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2019.
• Song G, Chu KK, Kim S, Crose M, Cox B, Jelly ET, et al. First clinical application of low-cost OCT. Translational vision science & technology. 2019;8:61–61.
• Eldridge WJ, Hoballah J, Wax A. Molecular and biophysical analysis of apoptosis using a combined quantitative phase imaging and fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscope. Journal of biophotonics. 2018 Dec;11(12):e201800126.
• Park HS, Ceballos S, Eldridge WJ, Wax A. Invited Article: Digital refocusing in quantitative phase imaging for flowing red blood cells. APL photonics. 2018 Nov;3(11):110802.
• Wax A. Oct promising as clear point-of-care solution. Biophotonics International. 2018 Sep 1;25(6):30–3.
• Steelman ZA, Eldridge WJ, Wax A. Response to Comment on "Is the nuclear refractive index lower than cytoplasm? Validation of phase measurements and implications for light scattering technologies": A Comment on "How a phase image of a cell with nucleus refractive index smaller than that of the cytoplasm should look like?", e201800033. Journal of biophotonics. 2018 Jun;11(6):e201800091.
• Kim S, Crose M, Eldridge WJ, Cox B, Brown WJ, Wax A. Design and implementation of a low-cost, portable OCT system. Biomedical optics express. 2018 Mar;9(3):1232–43.
• Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Kim S, Wax A. Spectroscopic OCT: Towards an effective tool for distinguishing authentic and artificial Chinese freshwater pearls. Optical Materials Express. 2018 Mar 1;8(3):622–8.
• Muñoz A, Eldridge WJ, Jakobsen NM, Sørensen H, Wax A, Costa M. Cellular shear stiffness reflects progression of arsenic-induced transformation during G1. Carcinogenesis. 2018 Feb;39(2):109–17.
• Wax A. Development of a low-cost, portable optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2018.
• Zhao Y, Chu KK, Eldridge WJ, Jelly ET, Crose M, Wax A. Speckle Reduction in Optical Coherence Tomography at Video Rate. In: Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy. 2018. p. OF3D-3.
• Ho D, Chu KK, Steelman ZA, Wax A. Scanning angle-resolved low coherence interferometry system for clinical detection of cervical dysplasia. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2018.
• Song G, Kim S, Crose M, Cox B, Brown W, Wax A. Design and implementation of a low-cost, portable OCT system. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2018.
• Jelly ET, Zhao Y, Crose M, Kim S, Cox B, Song G, et al. Adaptability and Performance of Low-Cost OCT System for use in Benchtop Optical Coherence Microscopy. In: Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy. 2018. p. JW3A-32.
• Zhao Y, Chu KK, Eldridge WJ, Jelly ET, Crose M, Wax A. Real-time speckle reduction in optical coherence tomography using the dual window method. Biomedical optics express. 2018;9:616–22.
• Steelman ZA, Kim S, Jelly ET, Crose M, Chu KK, Wax A. Comparison of imaging fiber bundles for coherence-domain imaging. Applied optics. 2018;57:1455–62.
• Steelman ZA, Eldridge WJ, Weintraub JB, Wax A. Is the nuclear refractive index lower than cytoplasm? Validation of phase measurements and implications for light scattering technologies. Journal of biophotonics. 2017 Dec;10(12):1714–22.
• Chowdhury S, Eldridge WJ, Wax A, Izatt JA. Structured illumination microscopy for dual-modality 3D sub-diffraction resolution fluorescence and refractive-index reconstruction. Biomedical optics express. 2017 Dec;8(12):5776–93.
• Steelman ZA, Ho D, Chu KK, Wax A. Scanning system for angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry. Optics letters. 2017 Nov;42(22):4581–4.
• Minzioni P, Osellame R, Sada C, Zhao S, Omenetto FG, Gylfason KB, et al. Roadmap for optofluidics. Journal of Optics (United Kingdom). 2017 Aug 22;19(9).
• Zhao Y, Eldridge WJ, Maher JR, Kim S, Crose M, Ibrahim M, et al. Dual-axis optical coherence tomography for deep tissue imaging. Opt Lett. 2017 Jun 15;42(12):2302–5.
• Chowdhury S, Eldridge WJ, Wax A, Izatt J. Refractive index tomography with structured illumination. Optica. 2017 May 20;4(5):537–45.
• Chowdhury S, Eldridge WJ, Wax A, Izatt JA. Structured illumination multimodal 3D-resolved quantitative phase and fluorescence sub-diffraction microscopy. Biomedical optics express. 2017 May;8(5):2496–518.
• Ho D, Drake TK, Smith-McCune KK, Darragh TM, Hwang LY, Wax A. Feasibility of clinical detection of cervical dysplasia using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry measurements of depth-resolved nuclear morphology. International journal of cancer. 2017 Mar;140(6):1447–56.
• Eldridge WJ, Steelman ZA, Loomis B, Wax A. Optical Phase Measurements of Disorder Strength Link Microstructure to Cell Stiffness. Biophysical journal. 2017 Feb;112(4):692–702.
• Chuchuen O, Maher JR, Simons MG, Peters JJ, Wax AP, Katz DF. Label-Free Measurements of Tenofovir Diffusion Coefficients in a Microbicide Gel Using Raman Spectroscopy. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2017 Feb;106(2):639–44.
• Wax A. Advances in functional OCT. LASER FOCUS WORLD. 2017 Jan 1;53(1):66–71.
• Wax A. Nanoscale phase imaging of live cells. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2017.
• Zhao Y, Maher JR, Ibrahim MM, Chien JS, Levinson H, Wax A. In vivo rat skin flap viability assessment using dual axis spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2017.
• Chuchuen O, Maher JR, Henderson MH, Desoto M, Rohan LC, Wax A, et al. Label-free analysis of tenofovir delivery to vaginal tissue using co-registered confocal Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography. PloS one. 2017 Jan;12(9):e0185633.
• Zhao Y, Maher JR, Ibrahim MM, Chien JS, Levinson H, Wax A. Deep imaging of absorption and scattering features by multispectral multiple scattering low coherence interferometry. Biomed Opt Express. 2016 Oct 1;7(10):3916–26.
• Wax A, Chu K. Found in translation: Biophotonics from lab to clinic. Optics and Photonics News. 2016 Sep 1;27(9):34–41.
• Graf RN, Robles FE, Wax A. Assessing microscopic structural features using fourier-domain low coherence interferometry. In: Handbook of Biomedical Optics. 2016. p. 463–82.
• Zhao Y, Maher JR, Wax A. Toward the assessment of blood oxygenation using multispectral multiple scattering low coherence interferometry. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2016.
• Zhao Y, Maher JR, Wax A. Toward the assessment of blood oxygenation using multispectral multiple scattering low coherence interferometry. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2016. p. 3.
• Rinehart MT, Park HS, Walzer KA, Chi J-TA, Wax A. Hemoglobin consumption by P. falciparum in individual erythrocytes imaged via quantitative phase spectroscopy. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 18;6:24461.
• Kim S, Crose M, Kresty LA, Wax A. Guidance of angle-resolved low coherence interferometry using co-located optical coherence tomography on rat esophageal tissue. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2016. p. 3.
• Kim S, Crose M, Kresty LA, Wax A. Guidance of angle-resolved low coherence interferometry using co-located optical coherence tomography on rat esophageal tissue. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2016.
• Kim S, Heflin S, Kresty LA, Halling M, Perez LN, Ho D, et al. Analyzing spatial correlations in tissue using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry measurements guided by co-located optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express. 2016 Apr 1;7(4):1400–14.
• Eldridge WJ, Sheinfeld A, Rinehart MT, Wax A. Imaging deformation of adherent cells due to shear stress using quantitative phase imaging. Optics letters. 2016 Jan;41(2):352–5.
• Park HS, Rinehart MT, Walzer KA, Chi J-TA, Wax A. Automated Detection of P. falciparum Using Machine Learning Algorithms with Quantitative Phase Images of Unstained Cells. PLoS One. 2016;11(9):e0163045.
• Eldridge WJ, Loomis B, Wax A. Linking cellular disorder strength and shear stiffness using quantitative phase imaging. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2016.
• Ho D, Drake T, Smith-McCune KK, Darragh TM, Hwang LY, Wax A. Clinical detection of cervical dysplasia using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2016.
• Kim S, Crose M, Kresty LA, Wax A. Guidance of angle-resolved low coherence interferometry using co-located optical coherence tomography on rat esophageal tissue. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2016.
• Zhao Y, Maher JR, Wax A. Toward the assessment of blood oxygenation using multispectral multiple scattering low coherence interferometry. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2016.
• Steelman ZA, Eldridge WJ, Park HS, Wax A. Corruption of refractive index measurements of spheres using quantitative phase microscopy. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2016.
• Zhao Y, Maher JR, Kim J, Selim MA, Levinson H, Wax A. Evaluation of burn severity in vivo in a mouse model using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express. 2015 Sep 1;6(9):3339–45.
• Wax A. Molecular contrast in interferometric imaging. In: Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe - Technical Digest. 2015.
• Ho D, Drake TK, Bentley RC, Valea FA, Wax A. Evaluation of hybrid algorithm for analysis of scattered light using ex vivo nuclear morphology measurements of cervical epithelium. Biomed Opt Express. 2015 Aug 1;6(8):2755–65.
• Sheinfeld A, Eldridge WJ, Wax A. Quantitative phase imaging with molecular sensitivity using photoacoustic microscopy with a miniature ring transducer. Journal of biomedical optics. 2015 Aug;20(8):86002.
• Rinehart MT, Park HS, Wax A. Influence of defocus on quantitative analysis of microscopic objects and individual cells with digital holography. Biomedical optics express. 2015 Jun;6(6):2067–75.
• Maher JR, Chuchuen O, Henderson MH, Kim S, Rinehart MT, Kashuba ADM, et al. Co-localized confocal Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography (CRS-OCT) for depth-resolved analyte detection in tissue. Biomedical optics express. 2015 Jun;6(6):2022–35.
• Kim J, Brown W, Maher JR, Levinson H, Wax A. Functional optical coherence tomography: principles and progress. Phys Med Biol. 2015 May 21;60(10):R211–37.
• Eldridge WJ, Sheinfeld A, Rinehart MT, Wax A. Detecting mechanically induced displacements in human cell cultures using quantitative phase imaging. In: Novel Techniques in Microscopy, NTM 2015. 2015.
• Maher JR, Chuchuen O, Kashuba ADM, Katz DF, Wax A. Combined raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography for measuring analytes in targeted tissues. In: Optical Molecular Probes, Imaging and Drug Delivery, OMP 2015. 2015.
• Zhao Y, Maher JR, Levinson H, Brown WJ, Wax A. In vivo burn severity assessment in a mouse model using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. In: Bio-Optics: Design and Application, BODA 2015. 2015.
• Wax A, Giacomelli M, Robles F. Elastic scattering spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography. In: Optical Coherence Tomography: Technology and Applications, Second Edition. 2015. p. 1207–35.
• Chowdhury S, Eldridge WJ, Wax A, Izatt JA. Spatial frequency-domain multiplexed microscopy for simultaneous, single-camera, one-shot, fluorescent, and quantitative-phase imaging. Optics letters. 2015;40:4839–42.
• Brown WJ, Kim S, Wax A. Noise characterization of supercontinuum sources for low-coherence interferometry applications. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics, image science, and vision. 2014 Dec;31(12):2703–10.
• Maher JR, Jaedicke V, Medina M, Levinson H, Selim MA, Brown WJ, et al. In vivo analysis of burns in a mouse model using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. Opt Lett. 2014 Oct 1;39(19):5594–7.
• Ho D, Kim S, Drake TK, Eldridge WJ, Wax A. Wavelet transform fast inverse light scattering analysis for size determination of spherical scatterers. Biomedical optics express. 2014 Oct;5(10):3292–304.
• Eldridge WJ, Meiri A, Sheinfeld A, Rinehart MT, Wax A. Fast wide-field photothermal and quantitative phase cell imaging with optical lock-in detection. Biomedical optics express. 2014 Aug;5(8):2517–25.
• Zhu Y, Robles FE, Terry NG, Wax A. Interferometric light scattering techniques for measuring nuclear morphology and detecting dysplasia. In: Biomedical Photonics Handbook. 2014. p. 653–81.
• Rinehart MT, Jaedicke V, Wax A. Quantitative phase microscopy with off-axis optical coherence tomography. Optics letters. 2014 Apr;39(7):1996–9.
• Sun Z, Shan S, Sang H, Zhou J, Wang Y, Yuan W. Preface. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). 2014 Jan 1;8833.
• Rinehart M, Grab S, Rohan L, Katz D, Wax A. Analysis of vaginal microbicide film hydration kinetics by quantitative imaging refractometry. PloS one. 2014 Jan;9(4):e95005.
• Maher JR, Matthews TE, Reid AK, Katz DF, Wax A. Sensitivity of coded aperture Raman spectroscopy to analytes beneath turbid biological tissue and tissue-simulating phantoms. Journal of biomedical optics. 2014 Jan;19(11):117001.
• Matthews TE, Medina M, Maher JR, Levinson H, Brown WJ, Wax A. Deep tissue imaging using spectroscopic analysis of multiply scattered light. Optica. 2014 Jan 1;1(2):105–11.
• Vo-Dinh T. Preface. In 2014. p. ix–xi.
• Matthews TE, Giacomelli MG, Brown WJ, Wax A. Fourier domain multispectral multiple scattering low coherence interferometry. Applied optics. 2013 Dec;52(34):8220–8.
• Yarmoska SK, Kim S, Giacomelli MG, Wax A. A calibration standard for two-dimensional angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry. Optical Trapping Applications, OTA 2013. 2013 Nov 21;
• Yarmoska SK, Kim S, Giacomelli MG, Wax A. A calibration standard for two-dimensional angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry. Bio-Optics: Design and Application, BODA 2013. 2013 Nov 18;
• Zhu Y, Rinehart MT, Robles FE, Wax A. Polarization and Spectral Interferometric Techniques for Quantitative Phase Microscopy. 2013 Aug 27;218–310.
• Drake TK, Shah T, Peters JJ, Wax A, Katz DF. Measuring dilution of microbicide gels with optical imaging. PloS one. 2013 Jan;8(12):e82213.
• Wax A, Meiri A, Arumugam S, Rinehart MT. Comparative review of interferometric detection of plasmonic nanoparticles. Biomedical optics express. 2013 Jan;4(10):2166–78.
• Matthews TE, Chuchuen O, Katz DF, Wax A. Multimodal multiplex raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography of tissue for drug monitoring. Optical Molecular Probes, Imaging and Drug Delivery, OMP 2013. 2013 Jan 1;
• Yarmoska SK, Kim S, Matthews TE, Wax A. A scattering phantom for observing long range order with two-dimensional angle-resolved Low-Coherence Interferometry. Biomedical optics express. 2013 Jan;4(9):1742–8.
• Yarmoska SK, Kim S, Giacomelli MG, Wax A. A calibration standard for two-dimensional angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry. Optical Molecular Probes, Imaging and Drug Delivery, OMP 2013. 2013 Jan 1;
• Wax A. Plasmonic nanoparticles as molecular contrast agents in interferometric imaging. Optical Molecular Probes, Imaging and Drug Delivery, OMP 2013. 2013 Jan 1;
• Wax A, Chalut KJ. Nuclear morphology measurements with angle-resolved low coherence interferometry for application to cell biology and early cancer detection. Studies in health technology and informatics. 2013 Jan;185:129–51.
• Wax A. Wigner distribution: Friend to biophotonics. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2013 Jan 1;
• Wax A, Robles FE. Molecular imaging true color spectroscopic (METRiCS) optical coherence tomography. In: Medical Imaging: Technology and Applications. 2013. p. 53–87.
• Wax A. Wigner distribution: Friend to biophotonics. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2013.
• Skala MC, Crow MJ, Wax A, Izatt JA. Three-dimensional molecular imaging with photothermal optical coherence tomography. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, NJ). 2013 Jan;1026:85–92.
• Seekell K, Lewis S, Wilson C, Li S, Grant G, Wax A. Feasibility study of brain tumor delineation using immunolabeled gold nanorods. Biomed Opt Express. 2013;4(11):2284–95.
• Seekell K, Lewis S, Wilson C, Grant G, Wax A. Feasibility of brain tumor delineation using immunolabeled gold nanorods. Optical Molecular Probes, Imaging and Drug Delivery, OMP 2013. 2013 Jan 1;
• Kim S, Rinehart MT, Zhu Y, Wax A. Spectrally multiplexed photothermal OCT and novel detection methods. 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012. 2012 Dec 6;
• Wax A. Coherence imaging for early cancer detection. 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012. 2012 Dec 6;
• Kim S, Rinehart MT, Zhu Y, Wax A. Spectrally multiplexed photothermal OCT and novel detection methods. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2012 Dec 1;
• Kim S, Rinehart MT, Zhu Y, Wax A. Spectrally multiplexed photothermal OCT and novel detection methods. CLEO: Applications and Technology, CLEO_AT 2012. 2012 Dec 1;
• Drake TK, DeSoto MG, Peters JJ, Henderson MH, Thiele B, Bishop TS, et al. In vivo optical imaging of human vaginal gel thickness distributions with a probe-based, dual-modality instrument. Journal of biomedical optics. 2012 Nov;17(11):116014.
• Kim S, Rinehart MT, Park H, Zhu Y, Wax A. Phase-sensitive OCT imaging of multiple nanoparticle species using spectrally multiplexed single pulse photothermal excitation. Biomedical optics express. 2012 Oct;3(10):2579–86.
• Li YL, Seekell K, Yuan H, Robles FE, Wax A. Multispectral nanoparticle contrast agents for true-color spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. Biomedical optics express. 2012 Aug;3(8):1914–23.
• Giacomelli MG, Wax A. Imaging contrast and resolution in multiply scattered low coherence interferometry. IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 2012 Jun 20;18(3):1050–8.
• Rinehart M, Zhu Y, Wax A. Quantitative phase spectroscopy. Biomedical optics express. 2012 May;3(5):958–65.
• Shaked NT, Satterwhite LL, Telen MJ, Truskey GA, Wax A. Dynamic quantitative microscopy and nanoscopy of red blood cells in sickle cell disease. In: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2012.
• Seekell K, Price H, Marinakos S, Wax A. Optimization of immunolabeled plasmonic nanoparticles for cell surface receptor analysis. Methods (San Diego, Calif). 2012 Feb;56(2):310–6.
• Zhu Y, Terry NG, Wax A. Angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry: an optical biopsy technique for clinical detection of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology. 2012 Feb;6(1):37–41.
• Satterwhite LL, Shaked NT, Cyr DD, Telen MJ, Truskey GA, Wax A. Novel optical signature for sickle cell trait red blood cells. Frontiers in Optics, FIO 2012. 2012 Jan 1;
• Wax A, Giacomelli MG, Matthews TE, Rinehart MT, Robles FE, Zhu Y. Optical spectroscopy of biological cells. Advances in Optics and Photonics. 2012 Jan 1;4(3):322–78.
• Kim S, Rinehart MT, Zhu Y, Wax A. Spectrally multiplexed photothermal OCT and novel detection methods. CLEO: Applications and Technology, CLEO_AT 2012. 2012 Jan 1;
• Wax A. Coherence imaging for early cancer detection. CLEO: Applications and Technology, CLEO_AT 2012. 2012 Jan 1;
• Matthews TE, Wax A. High-efficiency diffuse Raman spectroscopy through a fiber bundle. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual International Conference. 2012 Jan;2012:1181–3.
• Li Y, Robles FE, Seekell K, Wax AP. Assessing nanoparticle concentration using METRiCS optical coherence tomography. Biomedical Optics, BIOMED 2012. 2012 Jan 1;
• Zhu Y, Lyons MR, West AE, Satterwhite LL, Wax A. Spectral-domain differential interference contrast (SD-DIC) microscopy for measuring live cell dynamics. Biomedical Optics, BIOMED 2012. 2012 Jan 1;
• Seekell K, Wilson C, Price H, Grant G, Wax A. Controlled synthesis of gold nanorods and application to brain tumor delineation. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011.
• Robles FE, Wilson C, Grant G, Wax A. Molecular imaging true-colour spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. Nat Photonics. 2011 Dec 1;5(12):744–7.
• Rinehart MT, Drake TK, Robles FE, Rohan LC, Katz D, Wax A. Time-resolved imaging refractometry of microbicidal films using quantitative phase microscopy. Journal of biomedical optics. 2011 Dec;16(12):120510.
• Robles FE, Satterwhite LL, Wax A. Nonlinear phase dispersion spectroscopy. Optics letters. 2011 Dec;36(23):4665–7.
• Shaked NT, Rinehart MT, Wax A. Quantitative phase microscopy of biological cell dynamics by wide-field digital interferometry. Springer Series in Surface Sciences. 2011 Dec 1;46(1):169–98.
• Crow MJ, Seekell K, Ostrander JH, Wax A. Monitoring of receptor dimerization using plasmonic coupling of gold nanoparticles. ACS nano. 2011 Nov;5(11):8532–40.
• Seekell K, Crow MJ, Marinakos S, Ostrander J, Chilkoti A, Wax A. Hyperspectral molecular imaging of multiple receptors using immunolabeled plasmonic nanoparticles. Journal of biomedical optics. 2011 Nov;16(11):116003.
• Terry N, Zhu Y, Thacker JKM, Migaly J, Guy C, Mantyh CR, et al. Detection of intestinal dysplasia using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. J Biomed Opt. 2011 Oct;16(10):106002.
• Drake TK, Desoto MG, Peters JJ, Henderson MH, Murtha AP, Katz DF, et al. Design and validation of a multiplexed low coherence interferometry instrument for in vivo clinical measurement of microbicide gel thickness distribution. Biomedical optics express. 2011 Oct;2(10):2850–8.
• Chalut KJ, Kulangara K, Wax A, Leong KW. Stem cell differentiation indicated by noninvasive photonic characterization and fractal analysis of subcellular architecture. Integrative biology : quantitative biosciences from nano to macro. 2011 Aug;3(8):863–7.
• Wax A, Terry NG, Dellon ES, Shaheen NJ. Angle-resolved low coherence interferometry for detection of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology. 2011 Aug;141(2):443-447.e2.
• Giacomelli M, Wax A. Coherent detection of diffusely scattered light for extending depth using multiply scattered low coherence interferometry. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2011 May 12;7896.
• Rinehart MT, Lacroix J, Henderson M, Katz D, Wax A. Simultaneous confocal fluorescence microscopy and optical coherence tomography for drug distribution and tissue integrity assessment. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2011 May 2;7890.
• Shaked NT, Satterwhite LL, Bursac N, Wax A. Whole cell imaging based on wide-field interferometric phase microscopy and its application to cardiomyocytes. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2011 Apr 29;7904.
• Crow MJ, Seekell K, Marinakos S, Ostrander J, Chilkoti A, Wax AP. Hyperspectral molecular imaging of multiple receptors using immunolabeled plasmonic nanoparticles. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2011 Apr 29;7911.
• Giacomelli M, Zhu Y, Lee J, Wax A. Determining size, shape, and orientation of non-spherical scatterers using the fiber optic interferometric two-dimensional scattering (FITS) system. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2011 Mar 31;7907.
• Robles FE, Zhu Y, Lee J, Sharma S, Wax A. Fourier domain low coherence interferometry for detection of early colorectal cancer development in the AOM rat model. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2011 Mar 31;7907.
• Crow MJ, Seekell K, Wax A. Polarization mapping of nanoparticle plasmonic coupling. Optics letters. 2011 Mar;36(5):757–9.
• Shaked NT, Satterwhite LL, Telen MJ, Truskey GA, Wax A. Quantitative microscopy and nanoscopy of sickle red blood cells performed by wide field digital interferometry. J Biomed Opt. 2011 Mar;16(3):030506.
• Giacomelli MG, Wax A. Imaging beyond the ballistic limit in coherence imaging using multiply scattered light. Optics express. 2011 Feb;19(5):4268–79.
• Zhu Y, Shaked NT, Satterwhite LL, Wax A. Spectral-domain differential interference contrast microscopy. Optics letters. 2011 Feb;36(4):430–2.
• Rinehart MT, Shaked NT, Satterwhite L, Wax A. Real-time quantitative phase and dual-channel fluorescence microscopy for studying cellular and biomolecular dynamics. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011;
• Drake T, Peters J, Henderson M, DeSoto M, Katz D, Wax A. Multimodal optical detection of intravaginal microbicide gel coating thickness distribution. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011 Jan 1;
• Wax A, Chalut KJ. Nuclear morphology measurements with angle-resolved low coherence interferometry for application to cell biology and early cancer detection. Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam). 2011 Jan;34(5):207–22.
• Skala MC, Crow MJ, Wax A, Izatt JA. Photothermal optical coherence tomography for molecular imaging. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011;
• Skala MC, Crow MJ, Wax A, Izatt JA. Photothermal optical coherence tomography for molecular imaging. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011;
• Robles FE, Wax A. Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography for quantitative molecular imaging. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011 Jan 1;
• Zhu Y, Shaked NT, Satterwhite LL, Wax A. Spectral-domain differential interference contrast microscopy. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011;
• Zhu Y, Shaked NT, Satterwhite LL, Wax A. Spectral-domain differential interference contrast microscopy. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011;
• Robles FE, Wax A. Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography for quantitative molecular imaging. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011;
• Drake T, Peters J, Henderson M, DeSoto M, Katz D, Wax A. Multimodal optical detection of intravaginal microbicide gel coating thickness distribution. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011 Jan 1;
• Shaked NT, Wax A. Quantitative analysis of three-dimensional biological cells using interferometric microscopy. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2011 Jan 1;8043.
• Crow MJ, Marinakos SM, Cook JM, Chilkoti A, Wax A. Plasmonic flow cytometry by immunolabeled nanorods. Cytometry A. 2011 Jan;79(1):57–65.
• Drake T, Peters J, Henderson M, DeSoto M, Katz D, Wax A. Multimodal optical detection of intravaginal microbicide gel coating thickness distribution. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011;
• Zhu Y, Shaked NT, Satterwhite LL, Wax A. Spectral-domain differential interference contrast microscopy. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011.
• Skala MC, Crow MJ, Wax A, Izatt JA. Photothermal optical coherence tomography for molecular imaging. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011.
• Rinehart MT, Shaked NT, Satterwhite L, Wax A. Real-time quantitative phase and dual-channel fluorescence microscopy for studying cellular and biomolecular dynamics. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011.
• Rinehart MT, Shaked NT, Satterwhite L, Wax A. Whole-cell analysis of cardiomyocytes with combined quantitative phase and two-channel fluorescence microscopy. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011.
• Seekell K, Wilson C, Price H, Grant G, Wax A. Controlled synthesis of gold nanorods and application to brain tumor delineation. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011.
• Zhu Y, Terry NG, Wax A. Development of angle-resolved low coherence interferometry for clinical detection of dysplasia. Journal of carcinogenesis. 2011 Jan;10:19.
• Skala MC, Crow MJ, Wax A, Izatt JA. Photothermal optical coherence tomography for molecular imaging. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011.
• Rinehart MT, Shaked NT, Satterwhite L, Wax A. Real-time quantitative phase and dual-channel fluorescence microscopy for studying cellular and biomolecular dynamics. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011.
• Zhu Y, Shaked NT, Satterwhite LL, Wax A. Spectral-domain differential interference contrast microscopy. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011.
• Rinehart MT, Shaked NT, Satterwhite L, Wax A. Whole-cell analysis of cardiomyocytes with combined quantitative phase and two-channel fluorescence microscopy. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011.
• Rinehart MT, Shaked NT, Satterwhite L, Wax A. Whole-cell analysis of cardiomyocytes with combined quantitative phase and two-channel fluorescence microscopy. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011;
• Rinehart MT, Shaked NT, Satterwhite L, Wax A. Whole-cell analysis of cardiomyocytes with combined quantitative phase and two-channel fluorescence microscopy. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011;
• Robles FE, Wax A. Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography for quantitative molecular imaging. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011 Jan 1;
• Rinehart MT, Shaked NT, Satterwhite L, Wax A. Real-time quantitative phase and dual-channel fluorescence microscopy for studying cellular and biomolecular dynamics. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2011;
• Zhu Y, Terry NG, Woosley JT, Shaheen NJ, Wax A. Design and validation of an angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry fiber probe for in vivo clinical measurements of depth-resolved nuclear morphology. Journal of biomedical optics. 2011 Jan;16(1):011003.
• Terry NG, Zhu Y, Rinehart MT, Brown WJ, Gebhart SC, Bright S, et al. Detection of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus with in vivo depth-resolved nuclear morphology measurements. Gastroenterology. 2011 Jan;140(1):42–50.
• Wax A. Coherence imaging. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2010 Dec 1;
• Shaked NT, Wax A. New directions in interferometric phase microscopy of biological cell dynamics. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2010 Dec 1;
• Robles FE, Wax A. Separating the scattering and absorption coefficients using the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index with low-coherence interferometry. Optics letters. 2010 Sep;35(17):2843–5.
• Shaked NT, Satterwhite LL, Bursac N, Wax A. Whole-cell-analysis of live cardiomyocytes using wide-field interferometric phase microscopy. Biomedical optics express. 2010 Aug;1(2):706–19.
• Robles FE, Zhu Y, Lee J, Sharma S, Wax A. Detection of early colorectal cancer development in the azoxymethane rat carcinogenesis model with Fourier domain low coherence interferometry. Biomedical optics express. 2010 Aug;1(2):736–45.
• Rinehart MT, Shaked NT, Jenness NJ, Clark RL, Wax A. Simultaneous two-wavelength transmission quantitative phase microscopy with a color camera. Optics letters. 2010 Aug;35(15):2612–4.
• Giacomelli M, Zhu Y, Lee J, Wax A. Size and shape determination of spheroidal scatterers using two-dimensional angle resolved scattering. Optics express. 2010 Jul 5;18(14):14616–26.
• Giacomelli M, Zhu Y, Lee J, Wax A. Size and shape determination of spheroidal scatterers using two-dimensional angle resolved scattering. Optics express. 2010 Jul;18(14):14616–26.
• Giacomelli MG, Chalut KJ, Ostrander JH, Wax A. Review of the application of T-matrix calculations for determining the structure of cell nuclei with angle-resolved light scattering measurements. IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 2010 Jul 1;16(4):900–8.
• Ehlers MD, Newpher TM, Shaked NT, Wax A. Parallel on-axis holographic phase microscopy of biological cells and unicellular microorganism dynamics. 2010 May 20;
• Robles FE, Wax A. Measuring structural features using a dual window method for light scattering spectroscopy and Fourier-domain low coherence interferometry. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2010 May 7;7573.
• Terry NG, Zhu Y, Wax A. Fourier-domain angle-resolved low coherence interferometry for clinical detection of dysplasia. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2010 May 7;7573.
• Shaked NT, Zhu Y, Badie N, Bursac N, Wax A. Reflective interferometric chamber for quantitative phase imaging of biological sample dynamics. Journal of biomedical optics. 2010 May;15(3):030503.
• Shaked NT, Newpher TM, Ehlers MD, Wax A. Parallel on-axis holographic phase microscopy of biological cells and unicellular microorganism dynamics. Applied optics. 2010 May;49(15):2872–8.
• Zhu Y, Giacomelli MG, Wax A. Fiber-optic interferometric two-dimensional scattering-measurement system. Optics letters. 2010 May;35(10):1641–3.
• Chalut KJ, Kulangara K, Giacomelli MG, Wax A, Leong KW. Deformation of stem cell nuclei by nanotopographical cues. Soft matter. 2010 Apr;6(8):1675–81.
• Robles FE, Wax A. Measuring morphological features using light-scattering spectroscopy and Fourier-domain low-coherence interferometry. Optics letters. 2010 Feb;35(3):360–2.
• Shaked NT, Wax A. Quantitative phase microscopy of live biological cell dynamics. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2010 Jan 1;1236:283–8.
• Robles FE, Chowdhury S, Wax A. Assessing hemoglobin concentration using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography for feasibility of tissue diagnostics. Biomedical optics express. 2010;1:310–7.
• Chowdhury S, Robles FE, Wax A. Detecting Hemoglobin Concentration Using the Dual Window Method for Processing Spectroscopic Optical Coherence Tomography Signals. Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging. 2010;JMA43–JMA43.
• Wax A. Coherence imaging. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2010.
• Shaked NT, Finan JD, Guilak F, Wax A. Quantitative phase microscopy of articular chondrocyte dynamics by wide-field digital interferometry. Journal of biomedical optics. 2010 Jan;15(1):010505.
• Giacomelli M, Zhu Y, Lee J, Wax A. Size and shape determination of spheroidal scatterers using two-dimensional angle resolved scattering. Optics Express. 2010;18(14):14568–76.
• Finan JD, Chalut KJ, Wax A, Guilak F. Nonlinear osmotic properties of the cell nucleus. Proceedings of the ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference 2009, SBC2009. 2009 Dec 1;(PART A):93–4.
• Shaked NT, Rinehart MT, Wax A. Dynamic quantitative phase microscopy of biological cells. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2009 Dec 1;
• Rinehart MT, Shaked NT, Wax A. Two-wavelength quantitative phase unwrapping of dynamic biological processes. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2009 Dec 1;
• Wax A, Sokolov K. Molecular imaging and darkfield microspectroscopy of live cells using gold plasmonic nanoparticles. Laser and Photonics Reviews. 2009 Nov 23;3(1–2):146–58.
• Rinehart MT, Shaked NT, Wax A. Two-wavelength quantitative phase unwrapping of dynamic biological processes. 2009 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2009 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, CLEO/QELS 2009. 2009 Nov 18;
• Shaked NT, Rinehart MT, Wax A. Dynamic quantitative phase microscopy of biological cells. 2009 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2009 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, CLEO/QELS 2009. 2009 Nov 16;
• Graf RN, Robles FE, Chen X, Wax A. Detecting precancerous lesions in the hamster cheek pouch using spectroscopic white-light optical coherence tomography to assess nuclear morphology via spectral oscillations. Journal of biomedical optics. 2009 Nov;14(6):064030.
• Zhu Y, Terry NG, Wax A. Scanning fiber angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. Optics letters. 2009 Oct;34(20):3196–8.
• Shaked NT, Zhu Y, Rinehart MT, Wax A. Two-step-only phase-shifting interferometry with optimized detector bandwidth for microscopy of live cells. Optics express. 2009 Aug;17(18):15585–91.
• Crow M, Marinakos S, Chilkoti A, Wax A. Simultaneous molecular imaging of EGFR and HER2 using hyperspectral darkfield microscopy and immunotargeted nanoparticles. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2009 Jun 12;7192.
• Terry NG, Zhu Y, Rinehart M, Wax A. Optimizing Fourier-domain angle resolved low coherence interferometry for clinical use. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2009 Jun 12;7187.
• Graf RN, Robles F, Chen X, Wax A. Detecting neoplastic development in the hamster cheek pouch using Fourier Domain Low Coherence Interferometry. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2009 Jun 12;7187.
• Giacomelli M, Chalut K, Ostrander J, Wax A. T-matrix based inverse light scattering analysis using angle resolved low coherence interferometry. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2009 Jun 12;7187.
• Drake TK, Robles F, DeSoto M, Henderson MH, Katz DF, Wax A. Development of an integrated endoscopic device for multiplexed low coherence interferometry (LCI) measurements of microbicide gel thickness. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2009 Jun 8;7169.
• Robles FE, Graf RN, Wax A. Dual window method for processing spectroscopic optical coherence tomography signals with high spectral and spatial resolution. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2009 May 5;7168.
• Robles F, Graf RN, Wax A. Dual window method for processing spectroscopic optical coherence tomography signals with simultaneously high spectral and temporal resolution. Optics express. 2009 Apr;17(8):6799–812.
• Drake TK, Robles FE, Wax A. Multiplexed low coherence interferometry instrument for measuring microbicide gel thickness distribution. Applied optics. 2009 Apr;48(10):D14–9.
• Crow MJ, Grant G, Provenzale JM, Wax A. Molecular imaging and quantitative measurement of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in live cancer cells using immunolabeled gold nanoparticles. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Apr;192(4):1021–8.
• Wallace MB, Wax A, Roberts DN, Graf RN. Reflectance spectroscopy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy clinics of North America. 2009 Apr;19(2):233–42.
• Nusz GJ, Curry AC, Marinakos SM, Wax A, Chilkoti A. Rational selection of gold nanorod geometry for label-free plasmonic biosensors. ACS nano. 2009 Apr;3(4):795–806.
• Amoozegar C, Giacomelli MG, Keener JD, Chalut KJ, Wax A. Experimental verification of T-matrix-based inverse light scattering analysis for assessing structure of spheroids as models of cell nuclei. Applied optics. 2009 Apr;48(10):D20–5.
• Finan JD, Chalut KJ, Wax A, Guilak F. Nonlinear osmotic properties of the cell nucleus. Annals of biomedical engineering. 2009 Mar;37(3):477–91.
• Shaked NT, Rinehart MT, Wax A. Dual-interference-channel quantitative-phase microscopy of live cell dynamics. Optics letters. 2009 Mar;34(6):767–9.
• Chalut KJ, Ostrander JH, Giacomelli MG, Wax A. Light scattering measurements of subcellular structure provide noninvasive early detection of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Cancer research. 2009 Feb;69(3):1199–204.
• Kim KH, Drake TK, DeSoto MG, Henderson MH, Katz DF, Wax A. Development of an integrated multiplexed low coherence interferometer and fluorescence clinical endoscope. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2009.
• Kim KH, Drake TK, DeSoto MG, Henderson MH, Katz DF, Wax A. Development of an integrated multiplexed low coherence interferometer and fluorescence clinical endoscope. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2009 Jan 1;
• Giacomelli MG, Chalut KJ, Ostrander JH, Wax A. Application of the T-matrix method to determine the structure of spheroidal cell nuclei with angle-resolved light scattering. Optics letters. 2008 Nov;33(21):2452–4.
• Skala MC, Crow MJ, Wax A, Izatt JA. Photothermal optical coherence tomography of epidermal growth factor receptor in live cells using immunotargeted gold nanospheres. Nano letters. 2008 Oct;8(10):3461–7.
• Chalut KJ, Giacomelli MG, Wax A. Application of Mie theory to assess structure of spheroidal scattering in backscattering geometries. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics, image science, and vision. 2008 Aug;25(8):1866–74.
• Chalut KJ, Chen S, Finan JD, Giacomelli MG, Guilak F, Leong KW, et al. Label-free, high-throughput measurements of dynamic changes in cell nuclei using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. Biophysical journal. 2008 Jun;94(12):4948–56.
• Graf RN, Brown WJ, Wax A. Parallel frequency-domain optical coherence tomography scatter-mode imaging of the hamster cheek pouch using a thermal light source. Optics letters. 2008 Jun;33(12):1285–7.
• Terry NG, Zhu Y, Brown WJ, Wax A. Development of a clinical Fourier-domain angle resolved low coherence interferometry system for in vivo measurements. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2008 Apr 21;6864.
• Chalut KJ, Ostrander JH, Wax A. Detection of structural and functional changes in biological materials using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2008 Apr 21;6864.
• Graf RN, Chen X, Brown W, Wax A. Measuring neoplastic transformation in the hamster cheek pouch using Fourier domain low coherence interferometry. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2008 Apr 21;6864.
• Nusz GJ, Marinakos SM, Curry AC, Dahlin A, Höök F, Wax A, et al. Label-free plasmonic detection of biomolecular binding by a single gold nanorod. Analytical chemistry. 2008 Feb;80(4):984–9.
• Drake T, Robles F, Wax A. Multiplexed low-coherence interferometry instrument for measuring microbicide gel thickness distribution. Biomedical Optics, BIOMED 2008. 2008 Jan 1;
• Curry AC, Crow M, Wax A. Molecular imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor in live cells with refractive index sensitivity using dark-field microspectroscopy and immunotargeted nanoparticles. Journal of biomedical optics. 2008 Jan;13(1):014022.
• Wax A, Pyhtila JW. In situ nuclear morphology measurements using light scattering as biomarkers of neoplastic change in animal models of carcinogenesis. Disease markers. 2008 Jan;25(6):291–301.
• Crow M, Wax A. Development of a novel hyperspectral darkfield microscopy system for characterization of nanoparticle sensors. Biomedical Optics, BIOMED 2008. 2008 Jan 1;
• Giacomelli M, Chalut K, Wax A. A comparison of mie theory and the t-matrix method for estimating the size of cell nuclei. Biomedical Optics, BIOMED 2008. 2008 Jan 1;
• Zhu Y, Terry NG, Brown WJ, Wax A. Design and verification of an endoscopic pre-cancer detection system based on angle-resolved low coherence interferometry (a/LCI). Biomedical Optics, BIOMED 2008. 2008 Jan 1;
• Wax A. Darkfield microspectroscopy: From single nanoparticle biosensing to live cell molecular imaging. Biomedical Optics, BIOMED 2008. 2008 Jan 1;
• Rinehart M, Giacomelli M, Chalut K, Wax A. Quantitative phase microscopy with multi-wavelength unwrapping and tomographic 3d reconstruction. In: Biomedical Optics, BIOMED 2008. 2008.
• Rinehart M, Giacomelli M, Chalut K, Wax A. Quantitative phase microscopy with multi-wavelength unwrapping and tomographic 3D reconstruction. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2008 Jan 1;
• Wax A. Analyzing light scattering from aspherical nuclei for cell biology and clinical applications. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2008.
• Amoozegar C, Giacomelli MG, Chalut KJ, Wax A. Modeling advances for measuring spheroidal geometries using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. Biomedical Optics, BIOMED 2008. 2008 Jan 1;
• Rinehart M, Giacomelli M, Chalut K, Wax A. Quantitative phase microscopy with multi-wavelength unwrapping and tomographic 3D reconstruction. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2008 Jan 1;
• Wax A. Analyzing light scattering from aspherical nuclei for cell biology and clinical applications. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2008 Jan 1;
• Brown WJ, Pyhtila JW, Terry NG, Chalut KJ, D’Amico TA, Sporn TA, et al. Review and recent development of angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry for detection of precancerous cells in human esophageal epithelium. IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 2008 Jan 1;14(1):88–96.
• Chalut K, Brown W, Terry N, Wax A. Quantitative phase microscopy with asynchronous digital holography system. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2007, CLEO 2007. 2007 Dec 1;
• Crow M, Curry A, Wax A. Molecular imaging of EGFR expression in live cancer cells using immunotargeted nanoparticles. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2007, CLEO 2007. 2007 Dec 1;
• Wax A, Backman V. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE: Introduction. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2007 Aug 31;6446.
• Pyhtila JW, Wax A. Development of a portable frequency-domain angle-resolved low coherence interferometry system. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2007 Aug 31;6446.
• Graf RN, Wax A. Development of a pre-clinical Fourier domain low coherence interferometry system. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2007 Aug 31;6446.
• Graf RN, Wax A. Temporal coherence and time-frequency distributions in spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics, image science, and vision. 2007 Aug;24(8):2186–95.
• Keener JD, Chalut KJ, Pyhtila JW, Wax A. Application of Mie theory to determine the structure of spheroidal scatterers in biological materials. Optics letters. 2007 May;32(10):1326–8.
• Pyhtila JW, Wax A. Polarization effects on scatterer sizing accuracy analyzed with frequency-domain angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry. Applied optics. 2007 Apr;46(10):1735–41.
• Curry A, Nusz G, Chilkoti A, Wax A. Analysis of total uncertainty in spectral peak measurements for plasmonic nanoparticle-based biosensors. Applied optics. 2007 Apr;46(10):1931–9.
• Chalut KJ, Brown WJ, Wax A. Quantitative phase microscopy with asynchronous digital holography. Optics express. 2007 Mar;15(6):3047–52.
• Pyhtila JW, Chalut KJ, Boyer JD, Keener J, D’Amico T, Gottfried M, et al. In situ detection of nuclear atypia in Barrett's esophagus by using angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007 Mar;65(3):487–91.
• Chalut KJ, Kresty LA, Pyhtila JW, Nines R, Baird M, Steele VE, et al. In situ assessment of intraepithelial neoplasia in hamster trachea epithelium using angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. 2007 Feb;16(2):223–7.
• Wax A, Crow M. Molecular imaging and microspectroscopy of live cells using immunotargeted nanoparticles. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2007 Jan 1;
• Crow M, Curry A, Wax A. Molecular imaging of EGFR expression in live cancer cells using immunotargeted nanoparticles. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2007;
• Chalut K, Brown W, Terry N, Wax A. Quantitative phase microscopy with asynchronous digital holography system. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2007;
• Wax A, Crow M. Molecular imaging and microspectroscopy of live cells using immunotargeted nanoparticles. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2007.
• Kelloff GJ, Sullivan DC, Baker H, Clarke LP, Nordstrom R, Tatum JL, et al. Workshop on imaging science development for cancer prevention and preemption. Cancer Biomark. 2007;3(1):1–33.
• Hunter M, Backman V, Popescu G, Kalashnikov M, Boone CW, Wax A, et al. Tissue self-affinity and polarized light scattering in the born approximation: a new model for precancer detection. Physical review letters. 2006 Sep;97(13):138102.
• Curry A, Hwang WL, Wax A. Epi-illumination through the microscope objective applied to darkfield imaging and microspectroscopy of nanoparticle interaction with cells in culture. Optics express. 2006 Jul;14(14):6535–42.
• Pyhtila JW, Ma H, Simnick AJ, Chilkoti A, Wax A. Analysis of long range correlations due to coherent light scattering from in-vitro cell arrays using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. Journal of biomedical optics. 2006 May;11(3):34022.
• Pyhtila JW, Boyer JD, Chalut KJ, Wax A. Fourier-domain angle-resolved low coherence interferometry through an endoscopic fiber bundle for light-scattering spectroscopy. Optics letters. 2006 Mar;31(6):772–4.
• Braun KE, Boyer JD, Henderson MH, Katz DF, Wax A. Label-free measurement of microbicidal gel thickness using low-coherence interferometry. Journal of biomedical optics. 2006 Mar;11(2):020504.
• Curry A, Nusz G, Chilkoti A, Wax A. Measurement system for the high-throughput characterization of metal nanoparticles for biosensors. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2006 Jan 1;
• Curry A, Wax A. Epi-illumination darkfield through a microscope objective for imaging and spectral analysis of nanoparticle interaction with cells in culture. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2006 Jan 1;
• Improved design of a heterodyne angle-resolved low coherence interferometry system used for new chemoprevention and carcinogenesis studies. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2006 Jan 1;
• Braun KE, Wax A. Improved simulations for measuring microbicidal gel thickness using low-coherence interferometry. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2006 Jan 1;
• Boyer JD, Pyhtila JW, Wax A. Multi-layer scattering tissue phantom for assessing angle-resolved low coherence interferometryprecancer diagnostic technique. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2006 Jan 1;
• Chou DR, Wax AP. Optical scattering of confocal laser scanning reflectance microscopy in turbid media. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2006 Jan 1;
• Chalut KJ, Pyhtila JW, Wax A. Improved design of a heterodyne angle-resolved low coherence interferometry system used for new chemoprevention and carcinogenesis studies. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2006.
• Curry A, Wax A. Epi-illumination darkfield through a microscope objective for imaging and spectral analysis of nanoparticle interaction with cells in culture. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2006.
• Braun KE, Wax A. Improved simulations for measuring microbicidal gel thickness using low-coherence interferometry. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2006.
• Curry AC, Wax A. Sensitivity analysis of detecting plasmon resonance spectral shifts for nanoparticle based biosensors. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2006.
• Braun KE, Pyhtila JW, Wax A. Quantitative characterization of spectrograph entrance slit width on roll-off of fourier domain optical coherence tomography signals. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2006.
• Pyhtila JW, Boyer JD, Chalut KJ, Wax A. Endoscopic fourier-domain angle-resolved low coherence interferometry for assessing nuclear morphology in human epithelial tissues. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2006.
• Curry AC, Wax A. Sensitivity analysis of detecting plasmon resonance spectral shifts for nanoparticle based biosensors. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2006 Jan 1;
• Braun KE, Pyhtila JW, Wax A. Quantitative characterization of spectrograph entrance slit width on roll-off of fourier domain optical coherence tomography signals. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2006 Jan 1;
• Pyhtila JW, Boyer JD, Chalut KJ, Wax A. Endoscopic fourier-domain angle-resolved low coherence interferometry for assessing nuclear morphology in human epithelial tissues. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2006 Jan 1;
• Chov DR, Wax AP. Optical scattering of confocal laser scanning reflectance microscopy in turbid media. 2005 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO. 2005 Dec 1;3:1578–80.
• Wax A, Pyhtila JW, Graf RN, Nines R, Boone CW, Dasari RR, et al. Prospective grading of neoplastic change in rat esophagus epithelium using angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry. Journal of biomedical optics. 2005 Sep;10(5):051604.
• Pyhtila JW, Wax A. Coherent light scattering by in vitro cell arrays observed with angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2005 Jul 21;5690:334–41.
• Vo-Dinh T, Grundfest WS, Benaron DA, Cohn GE. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE: Introduction. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2005 Jul 21;5692.
• Graf RN, Wax A. Nuclear morphology measurements using Fourier domain low coherence interferometry. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2005 Jul 21;5690:460–7.
• Pyhtila JW, Wax A. Rapid angle-resolved low coherence interferometry measurements. Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. 2005 Jul 21;5690:468–74.
• Graf RN, Wax A. Nuclear morphology measurements using Fourier domain low coherence interferometry. Optics express. 2005 Jun;13(12):4693–8.
• Pyhtila JW, Wax A. Improved interferometric detection of scattered light with a 4f imaging system. Applied optics. 2005 Apr;44(10):1785–91.
• Curry A, Nusz G, Chilkoti A, Wax A. Substrate effect on refractive index dependence of plasmon resonance for individual silver nanoparticles observed using darkfield microspectroscopy. Optics express. 2005 Apr;13(7):2668–77.
• Chou DR, Bower BA, Wax A. Low-cost, scalable laser scanning module for real-time reflectance and fluorescence confocal microscopy. Applied optics. 2005 Apr;44(11):2013–8.
• Ahn A, Yang C, Wax A, Popescu G, Fang-Yen C, Badizadegan K, et al. Harmonic phase-dispersion microscope with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Applied optics. 2005 Mar;44(7):1188–90.
• Wax A. Low-coherence light-scattering calculations for polydisperse size distributions. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics, image science, and vision. 2005 Feb;22(2):256–61.
• Curry A, Nusz G, Chilkoti A, Wax A. Measurement system for the high-throughput characterization of metal nanoparticles for biosensors. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2005 Jan 1;
• Curry A, Nusz G, Chilkoti A, Wax A. Measurement system for the high-throughput characterization of metal nanoparticles for biosensors. 2005 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO. 2005 Jan 1;3:2160–2.
• Chou DR, Wax AP. Optical scattering of confocal laser scanning reflectance microscopy in turbid media. Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2005 Jan 1;
• Pyhtila JW, Wax A. Rapid, depth-resolved light scattering measurements using Fourier domain, angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. Optics express. 2004 Dec;12(25):6178–83.
• Iwai H, Fang-Yen C, Popescu G, Wax A, Badizadegan K, Dasari RR, et al. Quantitative phase imaging using actively stabilized phase-shifting low-coherence interferometry. Optics letters. 2004 Oct;29(20):2399–401.
• Wax A. Real-time angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry for detecting pre-cancerous cells. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2004.
• Pyhtila JW, Terry NG, Wax A. Experimental calibration of a new angle-resolved low coherence interferometry system. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2004.
• Chou DR, Koh S, Bower BA, Wax AP. Low-cost, highly-adaptable, retrofitted laser scanning module for real-time reflectance and confocal fluorescence microscopy. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2004.
• Wax A. Detecting pre-cancerous cells using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2004.
• Pyhtila J, Graf R, Wax A. Determining nuclear morphology using an improved angle-resolved low coherence interferometry system. Optics express. 2003 Dec;11(25):3473–84.
• Tunnell JW, Desjardins AE, Galindo L, Georgakoudi I, McGee SA, Mirkovic J, et al. Instrumentation for multi-modal spectroscopic diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia. Technology in cancer research & treatment. 2003 Dec;2(6):505–14.
• Wax A, Yang C, Müller MG, Nines R, Boone CW, Steele VE, et al. In situ detection of neoplastic transformation and chemopreventive effects in rat esophagus epithelium using angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry. Cancer research. 2003 Jul;63(13):3556–9.
• Wax A, Yang C, Izatt JA. Fourier-domain low-coherence interferometry for light-scattering spectroscopy. Optics letters. 2003 Jul;28(14):1230–2.
• Müller MG, Wax A, Georgakoudi I, Dasari RR, Feld MS. A reflectance spectrofluorimeter for real-time spectral diagnosis of disease. Review of Scientific Instruments. 2002 Nov 1;73(11):3933.
• Wax A, Yang C, Backman V, Badizadegan K, Boone CW, Dasari RR, et al. Cellular organization and substructure measured using angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry. Biophysical journal. 2002 Apr;82(4):2256–64.
• Wax A, Yang C, Backman V, Kalashnikov M, Dasari RR, Feld MS. Determination of particle size by using the angular distribution of backscattered light as measured with low-coherence interferometry. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics, image science, and vision. 2002 Apr;19(4):737–44.
• Yang C, Wax A, Dasari RR, Feld MS. 2π ambiguity-free optical distance measurement with subnanometer precision with a novel phase-crossing low-coherence interferometer. Optics Letters. 2002 Jan 15;27(2):77–9.
• Yang C, Wax A, Dasari RR, Feld MS. 2π ambiguity-free optical distance measurement with subnanometer precision with a novel phase-crossing low-coherence interferometer. Opt Lett (USA). 2002;27(2):77–9.
• Backman V, Gurjar R, Perelman LT, Gopal V, Kalashnikov M, Badizadegan K, et al. Imaging and measurement of cell structure and organization with submicron accuracy using light scattering spectroscopy. Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2002 Jan 1;4613:101–10.
• Yang C, Wax A, Badizadegan K, Dasari RR, Feld MS. The study of cell dynamics with a novel phase referenced low coherence interferometer with sub-wavelength and sub-hertz sensitivity. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2002 Jan 1;4619:202–9.
• Wax A, Yang C, Müller M, Georgakoudi I, Boone CW, Dasari RR, et al. Structure and organization of cellular components measured in neoplastic tissues using angular low coherence interferometry. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2002. p. 254–6.
• Backman V, Gopal V, Kalashnikov M, Badizadegan K, Gurjar R, Wax A, et al. Measuring Cellular Structure at Submicron Scale with Scattering Angle Sensitive Light Scattering Spectroscopy. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2002. p. 661–3.
• Georgakoudi I, Backman V, Müller M, Wallace M, Jacobson B, Badizadegan K, et al. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as an in vivo tool for characterizing changes in tissue organization during neoplastic development. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2002. p. 649–51.
• Backman V, Gopal V, Kalashnikov M, Badizadegan K, Gurjar R, Wax A, et al. Measuring cellular structure at submicrometer scale with light scattering spectroscopy. IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 2001 Nov 1;7(6):887–93.
• Yang C, Wax A, Dasari RR, Feld MS. Phase dispersion optical tomography applied to study sub-cellular motions. Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe - Technical Digest. 2001 Oct 8;326–7.
• Wax A, Yang C, Dasari RR, Feld MS. Path-length-resolved dynamic light scattering: Modeling the transition from single to diffusive scattering. Applied Optics. 2001 Aug 20;40(24):4222–7.
• Yang C, Wax A, Hahn MS, Badizadegan K, Dasari RR, Feld MS. Phase-referenced interferometer with subwavelength and subhertz sensitivity applied to the study of cell membrane dynamics. Optics Letters. 2001 Aug 15;26(16):1271–3.
• Yang C, Wax A, Dasari RR, Feld MS. Phase-dispersion optical tomography. Optics Letters. 2001 May 15;26(10):686–8.
• Wax A, Yang C, Dasari RR, Feld MS. Measurement of angular distributions by use of low-coherence interferometry for light-scattering spectroscopy. Optics Letters. 2001 Mar 15;26(6):322–4.
• Yang C, Wax A, Feld MS. Measurement of the anomalous phase velocity of ballistic light in a random medium by use of a novel interferometer. Optics Letters. 2001 Feb 15;26(4):235–7.
• Yang C, Wax A, Dasari RR, Feld MS. Interferometric phase-based dual wavelength tomography. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2001 Jan 1;4251:63–70.
• Yang C, Wax A, Badizadegan K, Dasari RR, Feld MS. Phase-referenced interferometer with subwavelength and subhertz sensitivity. Optics and Photonics News. 2001 Jan 1;12(12):36.
• Wax A, Yang C, Dasari RR, Feld MS. Angular light scattering studies using low-coherence interferometry. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2001 Jan 1;4251:32–42.
• Müller MG, Georgakoudi I, Wax A, Dasari R, Jost C, Wallace M, et al. Multiexcitation fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy as a real time guide to biopsy in vivo. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2001 Jan 1;4261:114–21.
• Yang C, Wax A, Georgakoudi I, Hanlon EB, Badizadegan K, Dasari RR, et al. Interferometric phase-dispersion microscopy. Optics Letters. 2000 Oct 15;25(20):1526–8.
• Wax A, Bali S, Thomas JE. Time-resolved phase-space distributions for light backscattered from a disordered medium. Physical review letters. 2000 Jul;85(1):66–9.
• Thomas JE, Reil F, Lee KF, Wax A, Bali S. <title>Wigner phase space distribution and coherence tomography</title>. Band YB, editor. SPIE Proceedings. 2000 Apr 14;3927:147–55.
• Yang C, Perelman LT, Wax A, Dasari RR, Feld MS. Feasibility of field-based light scattering spectroscopy. Journal of biomedical optics. 2000 Apr;5(2):138–43.
• Wax A, Yang C, Dasari RR, Feld MS. Path-length-resolved dynamic light scattering: modeling the transition from single to diffusive scattering. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 2000. p. 143–5.
• Thomas JE, Reil F, Lee KF, Wax A, Bali S. Wigner phase space distributions and coherence tomography. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2000 Jan 1;3914:363–71.
• Wax A, Reil F, Lee KF, Bali S, Thomas JE. Time-resolved optical phase space distributions for coherent backscatter. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. 2000 Jan 1;4001:130–4.
• Lee KF, Reil F, Bali S, Wax A, Thomas JE. Heterodyne measurement of Wigner distributions for classical optical fields. Optics letters. 1999 Oct;24(19):1370–2.
• Wax A, Bali S, Alphonse GA, Thomas JE. Characterizing the Coherence of Broadband Sources using Optical Phase Space Contours. Journal of biomedical optics. 1999 Oct;4(4):482–9.
• Wax A, Bali S, Thomas JE. Optical phase-space distributions for low-coherence light. Optics letters. 1999 Sep;24(17):1188–90.
• Wax A, Thomas JE. Measurement of smoothed Wigner phase space distributions for coherence tomography. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. 1999 Jan 1;3598:2–9.
• Wax A, Thomas JE. Measurement of smoothed Wigner phase space distributions for coherence tomography. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. 1999 Jan 1;3726:494–501.
• Wax A, Thomas JE. Measurement of smoothed Wigner phase-space distributions for small-angle scattering in a turbid medium. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics, image science, and vision. 1998 Jul;15(7):1896–908.
• Wax A, Thomas JE. Measurement of Smoothed Wigner Phase Space Distributions in Multiple Scattering Media. In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. 1998. p. 348–52.
• Wax A, Thomas JE. Wigner phase space distributions and optical coherence in turbid media. Conference Proceedings - Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting-LEOS. 1997 Jan 1;11:41.
• Wax A, Thomas JE. Optical heterodyne imaging and Wigner phase space distributions. Optics letters. 1996 Sep;21(18):1427–9.

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